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Histology > Male Reprodutive System > Flashcards

Male Reprodutive System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of male reproductive tract

A

Production of spermatozoa, delivery of semen and production of androgens

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2
Q

What do the testes take with them from the peritoneum

A

Parietal and viscera tunica vaginalis

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3
Q

What covers the testis

A

A tough fibrous capsule known as the tunica albugina

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4
Q

What send septa into the testis

A

Tunica vasculosa

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5
Q

How many seminifierous tubules are in each lobule

A

1-3

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6
Q

What connects the seminiferous tubule loops

A

Straight tubules called tubuli recti

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7
Q

What is the network that the seminiferous tubule connect into called

A

Rete testis

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8
Q

Function of rete testis

A

Carry sperm out of the testis to the epididymis

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9
Q

What occurs in the epididymis

A

Sperm mature and are temporarily stored

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10
Q

What is the epididymis continuous with

A

Ductus deferenes

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11
Q

What is the function of the ductus deferenes

A

Convey sperm away from the scrotum along the spermatic cord

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12
Q

What lines the seminiferous tubules

A

Seminiferous epithlium

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13
Q

What makes up seminiferous lining

A

Various germ cells and support cells called sertoli cells

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14
Q

What is the seminiferous lining bound by

A

Basal lamina, a lamina propria of connective tissue and myofibroblasts

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15
Q

What is found in the interstices between the tubules

A

Connective tissue with clusters of Leydig cells

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16
Q

What do lLeydig cells secrete

A

Testosterone

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17
Q

what is spermatogenesis

A

The process of proliferation and maturation tat transforms diploid spermatogonia into haploid spermatozoa

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18
Q

how long does spermatogenesis take

A

70 days

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19
Q

Whta do Type A dark spermatogonia form

A

A pool of self-renewing stem cells or type A pale spermatogonia

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20
Q

what forms type B spermatogonia

A

Type A pale spermatogonia after undergoing mitotic division

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21
Q

From type B spermatogonia to spermatozoa

A

Type B under go mitosis = primary spermatocytes
PS then undergo meiosis I = secondary spermatocytes
SS rapidly undergo meiosis II = spermatids
Spermatids undergo maturation to give spermatozoa

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22
Q

What is the name of the maturation process that spermatids undergo

A

spermiogenesis

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23
Q

what is incompletre is all cell divisions after type B spermatogonia onwards

A

Cytokinesis

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24
Q

what does the incomple cytokinesis cause

A

a clonal syncitium to form

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25
Q

how long does meiosis I take

A

around 3 weeks

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26
Q

how long does meiosis II take

A

less that one day

27
Q

what are the support cells within the seminiferous tubules

A

Sertoli cells

28
Q

function of sertoli cells

A

support the newly developed spermatozoa and controlling how the process proceeds

29
Q

where does sertoli cells extend from/to

A

The basal lamina to the lumen of the tubule

30
Q

What do the sertoli cells do

A

regulate spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, control Leydig cells, produce tubular fluid, phagocytose discarded spermatid cytoplasm and via tight junctions, divide the tubule epithelium into two components

31
Q

what are the two compartments created by the sertoli cell tight junctions

A

adluminal and basal compartments

32
Q

what is within the adluminal compartment

A

all other developing cells

33
Q

what does the basal memebrane contain

A

spermatogonia and early spermatocytes

34
Q

what is within the acrosomal cap

A

enzymes that allow access through the corona radiata and zona pellucida

35
Q

what occurs to the nucleus of the smeratid during maturation

A

it elongates

36
Q

how is the flagellum of the sperm formed

A

one centriole elongates

37
Q

what is a residual body

A

the released cytoplasm from the spermatid

38
Q

what happens to the residual body

A

it is phagocytosed by the sertoli cells

39
Q

what is spermination

A

the release of the spermatozoa by the sertoli cells into the lumen

40
Q

once released from the sertoli cells where do the spermatozoa go

A

into the rete testis and epididymis by fluid flow and peristalsis

41
Q

when are the spermatozoa capable of swimming and fertilisation

A

during their passage through the epididymis

42
Q

What is between the seminiferous tubules

A

connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics

43
Q

what is abundant in Leydig cells

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

44
Q

what do leydig cells respond to

A

lutenising hormone

45
Q

what secretes lutenising hormone

A

pituitary

46
Q

where does testosterone act upon

A

the seminiferous tubules and it also enters the circulation

47
Q

what do the seminiferous tubules end as

A

straight tubules known as tubuli recti

48
Q

what lines seminiferous tubules

A

sertoli cells

49
Q

where is the rete testis found

A

in the mediastinum of the testis

50
Q

what are the rete testis channels lined by

A

cilliated simple cuboidal epithelium

51
Q

where does the spermatozoa travel to from the rete testis

A

efferent ducts

52
Q

what lines the efferent ducts

A

ciliated epithelium that varies form cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar

53
Q

what does smooth muscle surrounding the efferent ducts form

A

thin circular sheath

54
Q

what is the epididymis

A

a highly coiled tubule

55
Q

what lines the epididymis

A

pseudostratified columar epithelium with sterocilia

56
Q

what does the fluted profile of the lumen of the vas deferens allow

A

expansion during ejaculation

57
Q

what surrounds the epithelium of the epididymis

A

smooth muscle cells

58
Q

what happens within the epididymis

A

sperm are stored and mature

59
Q

what lines the vas deferens

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia

60
Q

what are sterocilia

A

giant microvili

61
Q

what is the epithlieum of the vas deferens surrounded by

A

lamina propria and 3 coats of smooth muscle

62
Q

smooth muscle of the vas deferens

A

inner and outer longitudinal layers and a central circular layer

63
Q

what innervated the smooth muscle of the vas deferens

A

sympathetic nervous system

64
Q

what is within the spermatic cord

A

the pampiniform plexus

Histology (22 decks)

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