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Histology > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

Main types of collagen

A

Type I, II, III and IV

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2
Q

Type I collagen

A

Most abundant, widely distributed

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3
Q

Type II collagen

A
  • Hyaline and elastic cartilage

- Fibres thinner than type I

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4
Q

Type III collagen

A

Reticular fibres

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5
Q

Type IV collagen

A
  • Found in the basal lamina

- Does not form fibrils

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6
Q

What type of collagen is found in dense regular and irregular connective tissue

A

Type I

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7
Q

Where is the basal lamina

A

Between the epithelia and underlying supporting connective tissue

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8
Q

What is the function of the basal lamina

A

A selective barrier to the passage of materials between the epithelium and supporting tissue

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9
Q

What is the basal lamina involved in the control of

A

Epithelia growth and differentiation

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10
Q

What is the basal lamina composed of

A

GAGs, type IV collagen and glycoproteins

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11
Q

What other disaccharide polymer are many proteoglycans non convalently linked to

A

Hyaluronan

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12
Q

What stabilises the interaction between proteoglycans and hyaluronan

A

Link proteins

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13
Q

Describe cartilage

A
  • Semi-rigid connective tissue

- Consists of scattered cells surrounded by amorphous appearing extracellular matrix

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14
Q

Composition of extracellular matrix of cartilage

A

Contains type II collagen which provides mechanical stability and GAGs which resist deformation by compression

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15
Q

Cartilage formation

A
  • Differentiation of primitive stellate mesenchymal cells into chondroblasts
  • These cells proliferate and aggregates of cells grow and begin to synthesis ground substance and fibrous extracellular material
  • Cells mature into chondryocytes and these maintain integrity of cells
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16
Q

How dos cartilage get its nutrition

A

Through diffusion of metabolites

17
Q

What are the cells found within cartilage called

A

Chrondrocytes

18
Q

Characteristics of chondrocytes

A
  • Live in the lacuna
  • Vary in shape
  • Flattened near the edge of cartilage
  • Rounded near the centre
  • Secrete and maintain extracellular matrix
19
Q

What happens if vascular supply around cartilage is disrupted

A

The cells die, blood vessels invade the matrix and the matrix is phagocytosed and replaced by scar tissue

20
Q

Composition of EMC

A

75% water and 25% organic materials

21
Q

What is the organic material made from

A

60% type II collagen and 40% proteoglycan aggregates

22
Q

Important glycoprotein in the cartilage matrix

A

Chondronectin

23
Q

Function of chondronectin

A

Promotes the adherence of chondrocytes to the matrix of collagen

24
Q

The matrix in the area around the chondrocyes is

A

Particularly high in proteoglycans and is known as the territorial matrix

25
Q

Matrix at a distance from chundrocytes

A

Has fewer proteoglycans and is known as the interterritorial matrix

26
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage

A

Perichondrium

27
Q

Layers of the perichondrium

A

Outer fibrous layer of dense connective tissue and an inner chondrogenic layer which provides now chondroblasts to the adjacnt cartilage

28
Q

What does the perichondrium contain

A

Blood vessels that supply nutrients to the whole of the avascular cartilage

29
Q

How does cartilage grow

A

Appositional growth at the edge and interstital growth with the matrix

30
Q

What are the types of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage

31
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Blue-white in colour and translucent. Most common form

32
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Light yellow in colour. Addition of elastic fibres makes it flexible

33
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

White in colour. Hybrid between the other two. Has bands of densely packed type I collagen interleaved with rows of chondrocytes surrounded by small amounts of cartilaginous ECM

34
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found

A

Articular surfaces, tracheal rings, costal cartilage, epiphyseal growth plates and the precursor to bone in the foetus

35
Q

What type of cartilage is found at a synovial joint

A

Hyaline cartilage

36
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found

A

Pinna of the ear, epiglottis and auditory tube

37
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found

A

Intervertebral discs, where the tendon inserts into the bone (enthesis) and pubic symphysis

38
Q

What effect does age have on cartilage

A

Chondrocytes from older animal produce shorter proteoglycans which may lead to lessened ability to attract water molecules and decreased resistance to compression = damage of articular cartilage and osteoarthritis

39
Q

Characteristics of cartilage

A
  • Deformable
  • Permeable
  • Appositional and interstitial growth
  • Cells in the matrix nourished through diffusion

Histology (22 decks)

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