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Histology > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the eye

A

Corneoscleral coat, uveal tract and retina

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2
Q

What is the cornea

A

A transparent anterior extension of the sclera

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3
Q

What does the uveal tract consist of

A

Anteriorly - iris and ciliary body

Posteriorly - vascularised choroid coat

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4
Q

What does the retina consist of

A

Layers of nerve cells, their processes, support cells and on the outside, a layer of pigmented epithelium

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5
Q

What allows the lens to change shape

A

Its elasticity

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6
Q

What does the change in shape of the lens allow

A

Accommodation for near vision

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7
Q

What is in front of the lens

A

Anterior and posterior chambers

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8
Q

What fills the anterior and posterior chambers

A

Aqueous humor

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9
Q

What lies posterior to the lens

A

The vitreal cavity

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10
Q

What fills the vitreal cavity

A

Vitrius humor

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11
Q

Structure of vitrous cavity

A

Avascular and gelatinous due to collagen fibres and hyaluronic acid

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12
Q

What is the conjuctiva

A

A thin, transparent mucous membrane

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13
Q

What lines the conjunctiva

A

Stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells, and has a lamina propria of loose connective tissue

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14
Q

Where does the conjunctiva run from/to

A

The corneosclearal margin and reflects over the inner surface of the eyelids

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15
Q

Composition of the cornea

A

Outer layer of thin non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium sitting on a thin layer of collagen (Bowman’s membrane) composed of randomly orientated, condensed thin collagen fibrils

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16
Q

What is the stroma

A

Many layers of precisely orientated hydrated collagen

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17
Q

What is between the layers of the cornea

A

Corneal fibroblasts

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18
Q

What is on the inside of the cornea

A

Layer of endothelium sitting on a layer of meshwork collagen called Duscemet’s membrane

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19
Q

What causes a Kaiser-Fleischer ring

A

An accumulation of copper in Duscemet’s membrane

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20
Q

What is the sclera

A

A tough coat of collagen and elastic fibres defining the globe

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21
Q

What attaches to the sclera

A

The tendons of the extraocular muscles

22
Q

What does the ciliary body contain

A

Smooth muscle

23
Q

What is the function of the smooth muscle in the ciliary body

A

It releases tension on the zonular fibres, during near vision, allowing the lens to round-up

24
Q

How is excess fluid drained from the anterior chamber

A

Via the canal of Schlemm

25
Q

What causes glaucoma

A

Drainage of the anterior chamber of the eye is not adequate

26
Q

What is the iris composed of

A

Loose connective tissue with a layer of pigmented epithelium on its posterior surface

27
Q

What cell is found within the iris

A

Melanocytes

28
Q

What is the function of the smooth muscle within the iris

A

Changes the iris diameter

29
Q

Where are the sphincter pupillae muscles found

A

Near the tip of the iris

30
Q

Function of sphincter pupillae muscles

A

Under parasympathetic innervation - constrict the pupil

31
Q

Function of dilator pupillae muscles

A

Under sympathetic innervation - open the pupil

32
Q

What does the ciliary body attach to and how

A

To the lens by a series of zonular fibres

33
Q

How does aqueous humor flow

A

From the anterior chamber to the posterior chamber

34
Q

What is the lens

A

A transparent, biconvex structure made up of lens fibres

35
Q

What are contained within the lens fibres

A

Proteins called crystalins

36
Q

What covers the lens anteriorly

A

Outer connective tissue capsule and a layer of simple cuboidal epithelium

37
Q

What is the retina

A

A complex, thin layer of nervous tissue lining the inner eye

38
Q

What structures are within the retina

A

Rods and cones

39
Q

What do rods conatin

A

Rhodopsin - a light sensitive pigment

40
Q

What is contained within cones

A

One of three epsin pigments - sensitive to either red, green or blue light

41
Q

What structure predominates away from the fovea

A

Rods

42
Q

What lies at the centre of the retina

A

The fovea

43
Q

What is at the centre of the fovea

A

The foveola

44
Q

What happens to the retina at the foveola

A

It thins and becomes avascular

45
Q

What structure is found at the foveola

A

Cones

46
Q

What covers the cones at the foveola

A

The outer plexiform layer

47
Q

What is the optic disc

A

The site where the axons of the retinal ganglion cells exit the eye to form the optic nerve

48
Q

What must the nerves pass through to create the optic nerve

A

The sclera

49
Q

What does the optic disc lack

A

Photoreceptors

50
Q

What are the openings in the sclera that the axons pass through known as

A

Lamina cribrosa

51
Q

What is the optic disc also known as

A

The blind spot

Histology (22 decks)

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