Liver, Pancreas and Gall Bladder Flashcards
functions of liver
oxidise triglycerides to produce energy synthesise plasma proteins synthesise cholesterol carbohydrates + proteins -> fatty acids and triglycerides regulate blood glucose concentration synthesise plasma proteins detoxification of metabolic waste products, drugs and toxins storage of glycogen, vitamins and iron synthesis and secretion of bile
liver capsule
collagenous connective tissue covered by a layer of mesothelial cells derived from the peritoneum
liver made up of segments called
lobules
compnents of the portal triad
hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and bile ductules
main cells of the liver
hepatocytes
blood flow channels are called
sinusoids
ultrastructure of sinusoids
lined by endothelial cells
narrow space between these lining cells and hepatocytes
Space between hepatocytes and lining cells is
space of Disse
what projects into the space of disse
microvilli of the hepatocytes
epithelium of the sinusoid is
fenestrated
parenchyme of the liver is supported by
reticular fibres along with some type I collagen
hepatic stellate cells
modfied fibroblasts that make connective tissue
store vitamin A
Kupffer cells
remove particulate matter drom the blood and help remove worn out red blood cells
what is bile
an alkaline solution containing water, ions, phospholipids, bilirubin and bile salts
gall bladder structure
- lined by simple columnar epithelium with a bruch border backed by a lamina propria of loose connective tissue rich in blood and lymphatic vessels
- a coat of smooth muscle and an outer collagenous layer of adventitia
- has folded mucosa when empty
Functions of gall bladder
Stores bile
modifies stored bile within it
how is bile modified by gall bladder
Na and Cl ions from bile pumped into spaces between adjavcent epithelial cells which causes water to follow
what happens to the water removed from bile
carried away by lymphatic vessels
where does the gall bladder deliver bile to
the duodenum
what causes gall bladder to contract
nervous control and release of hormones
Pancreas is both an
Exocrine and endocrine gland
Exocrine pancreas
Secretes digestive juices containing proteases, lipases, nucleases, amylases
How do digestive enzymes enter the duodenum
Through the pancreatic duct
Endocrine pancreas
Consists of small, scattered islands of tissue called Islets of Langerhans which produce insulin and glucagon
Microscopic endocrine pancreas
Numerous serous acini and ducts
Why are the cells of the endocrine pancreas basophilic
As the have large amounts of rER
What form are the enzymes of the endocrine pancrease produced
Inactive proenzymes
Where are pancreatic enzyme activated and how
In the duodenum and peptidase converts trypsinogen into the active form of trypsin
The pancreas has a thin connective tissue
Capsule with connective tissue septa that split the pancreas into lobules
Basal cells of the pancreas are typically
Basophillic
Why are the basal cells basophilic
They have lots of rER
The apical part of the pancreas is usually
Eosinophillic due to the presence of zymogen granules
Intercalated ducts
Extend into the acini
Within the acini they are called centroacinar cells
The main pancreatic duct joins the
Common bile duct
The pancreatic and common bile duct enter into the
Ampulla of vater
