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NP > Toddler and Preschool > Flashcards

Toddler and Preschool Flashcards

1
Q

Toddler defined

A

1 to 3 years

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2
Q

Preschooler defined

A

4 to 5 years

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3
Q

Toddler and Preschool -

cognitive focus?

A

PREOPERATIONAL
2 to 4 years - preconceptual
4 to 7 years - intuitive

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4
Q

Toddler -

psychosocial focus?

A

autonomy

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5
Q

Preschool -

psychosocial focus?

A

initiative

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6
Q

Toddler and Preschool -

when to start doing blood pressure checks?

A

3 years

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7
Q

Anthropometrics
defined?
examples?

A

the measurement of the human individual

head circumference, lenghth, height, weight

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8
Q

Toddler and Preschool -

age limit on Denver II?

A

can be used up to age 6 years

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9
Q

Toddler -

lab work?

A

hematocrit
lead screening
cholesterol

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10
Q

Preschool -

lab work?

A

PPD

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11
Q

Toddler -

Well child check schedule?

A

12, 15, 18, 24, 30, 36 months

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12
Q

Preschool -

Well child check schedule?

A

annually at ages 3, 4, and 5 years

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13
Q

Toddler and Preschool -

progression of exam?

A

non-invasive to invasive

limited time undressed

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14
Q

Toddler -

anterior fontanel closes by what age?

A

18 months

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15
Q

Toddler -

measure head circumference until what age?

A

2 years

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16
Q

Toddler and Preschool -

location of PMI?

A

4th intercostal space, L mid-clavicular line

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17
Q

Genu valgum

A

“knock-knees”

normal variant up to age 7
knees are stuck together with GUM

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18
Q

Genu varum

A

“bow-legged”

normal variant up to age 2
too much RUM, causes a wide legged stance

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19
Q

by age 2 years

A

GROSS MOTOR
up and down steps
kicks ball without falling
runs with wide gait

FINE MOTOR
tower of 8 cubes
turns doorknob

LANGUAGE
50 word vocabulary
can follow 2 step commands
talks constantly

WARNING SIGNS
is not walking up stairs
is not using 2-3 word sentences
is not noticing cars, animals

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20
Q

by age 3 years

A

GROSS MOTOR
hops at 3.5 years
rides a tricycle

FINE MOTOR
copies a circle
builds a tower

LANGUAGE
up to 900 word vocabulary

WARNING SIGNS 
is not aware of external environment
cannot ride tricycle
does not follow simple direction
continues baby talk
does not imitate adult activities
21
Q

by age 4 years

A

GROSS MOTOR
up and down stairs with ALTERNATING FEET
rides bicycle with training wheels

FINE MOTOR
draws a person with 4 to 6 parts
tower of 10 blocks

LANGUAGE
can understand phrases and simple analogies

WARNING SIGNS
does not listen to a story
does not speak in sentences
engages in head banging or rocking
is not toilet trained
does not draw a human figure
22
Q

by age 5 years

A

GROSS MOTOR
skips
jumps rope
plays ball

FINE MOTOR
copies a square and other shapes
prints letters
ties shoes

LANGUAGE
vocabulary > 2000 words
uses sentences regularly
knows at least 4 colors

WARNING SIGNS
magical thinking still dominates
lack of impulse control

23
Q

Language development -

number of meaningful words in sentences?

A

Equivalent to age in years -

2 word sentences at age 2, etc.

24
Q

Toddlers -

type of play?

A

onlooker and parallel play

25
Q

Preschool -

type of play?

A

associative, cooperative, dramatic, physical play

26
Q

Visual acuity by age 5?

A

20/30

27
Q

Toddler -

begins to use a spoon at what age?

A

15 - 17 months

28
Q

Toddler -

Gold standard for diagnosis of developmental delays?

A

Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
up to 42 months of age
mental, motor, and behavioral rating scales

29
Q

Toddler and Preschool -

at what age do nightmares begin?

A

age 3 years

can describe

30
Q

Toddler and Preschool -

in what age range do night terrors occur?

A

2 to 6 years
outgrow
no recall

31
Q

Toddler -

readiness for toilet training begins in what age range?

A

1.5 to 2.5 years

32
Q

Toddler and Preschool - developmental warning signs

at 1 year

A

is not imitating sounds
is not pulling to standing
is not pointing/gesturing

33
Q

Toddler and Preschool - developmental warning signs

at 18 months

A

does not make eye contact

does not feed self with spoon

34
Q

Stuttering

when to refer?

A

lasts longer than 6 months
child is older than 6 years
child avoids speaking

35
Q

Pervasive Developmental Disorders -

an umbrella term include what conditions?

A

Autism
Asperger’s syndrome
Rett’s disorder
Child disintigrative disorder

36
Q

Between Autism and Aspberger’s, which may exhibit language delay?

A

Autism

37
Q

Rett’s disorder -

males, females, or both?

A

Females

38
Q

Rett’s disorder -

described as?

A

distinct neurodegenerative developmental regression following a period of normal functioning through first 5 months of life

39
Q

Rett’s disorder -

etiology?

A

unknown

40
Q

Rett’s disorder -

clinical presentation

A 
stalling of developmental progression
loss of previous skills
stereotypic hand movements (hummingbirds near mouth)
apraxia
delayed head growth
seizures
scoliosis
hypotonicity
41
Q

Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) -

described as?

A

marked regression of multiple areas of functioning following at least 2 years of apparently normal development

42
Q

Higher functioning adolescents with autism are at increased risk for which other condition?

A

OCD

43
Q

Holding a glass with one hand is an example of a fine motor skill typically acheived by what age group?

A

Preschoolers

44
Q

According to Erikson, the major psychological task between 1 and 2 years of age is the development of:

A

autonomy

45
Q

Why is skim milk insufficient for a 16 month old?

A

It does not contain enough of the essential fatty acids

46
Q

What is the most sophisticated and advanced type of play?

A

cooperative

47
Q

By what age do Pervasive Developmental Disorders develop per diagnostic criteria?

A

3 years

48
Q

How is a PDD diagnosis established?

A

Per DSM-IV-TR

6 behaviors from 3 categories (motor, language, communication and social)

NP (76 decks)

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