Toddler and Preschool Flashcards
Toddler defined
1 to 3 years
Preschooler defined
4 to 5 years
Toddler and Preschool -
cognitive focus?
PREOPERATIONAL
2 to 4 years - preconceptual
4 to 7 years - intuitive
Toddler -
psychosocial focus?
autonomy
Preschool -
psychosocial focus?
initiative
Toddler and Preschool -
when to start doing blood pressure checks?
3 years
Anthropometrics
defined?
examples?
the measurement of the human individual
head circumference, lenghth, height, weight
Toddler and Preschool -
age limit on Denver II?
can be used up to age 6 years
Toddler -
lab work?
hematocrit
lead screening
cholesterol
Preschool -
lab work?
PPD
Toddler -
Well child check schedule?
12, 15, 18, 24, 30, 36 months
Preschool -
Well child check schedule?
annually at ages 3, 4, and 5 years
Toddler and Preschool -
progression of exam?
non-invasive to invasive
limited time undressed
Toddler -
anterior fontanel closes by what age?
18 months
Toddler -
measure head circumference until what age?
2 years
Toddler and Preschool -
location of PMI?
4th intercostal space, L mid-clavicular line
Genu valgum
“knock-knees”
normal variant up to age 7
knees are stuck together with GUM
Genu varum
“bow-legged”
normal variant up to age 2
too much RUM, causes a wide legged stance
by age 2 years
GROSS MOTOR
up and down steps
kicks ball without falling
runs with wide gait
FINE MOTOR
tower of 8 cubes
turns doorknob
LANGUAGE
50 word vocabulary
can follow 2 step commands
talks constantly
WARNING SIGNS
is not walking up stairs
is not using 2-3 word sentences
is not noticing cars, animals
by age 3 years
GROSS MOTOR
hops at 3.5 years
rides a tricycle
FINE MOTOR
copies a circle
builds a tower
LANGUAGE
up to 900 word vocabulary
WARNING SIGNS is not aware of external environment cannot ride tricycle does not follow simple direction continues baby talk does not imitate adult activities
by age 4 years
GROSS MOTOR
up and down stairs with ALTERNATING FEET
rides bicycle with training wheels
FINE MOTOR
draws a person with 4 to 6 parts
tower of 10 blocks
LANGUAGE
can understand phrases and simple analogies
WARNING SIGNS does not listen to a story does not speak in sentences engages in head banging or rocking is not toilet trained does not draw a human figure
by age 5 years
GROSS MOTOR
skips
jumps rope
plays ball
FINE MOTOR
copies a square and other shapes
prints letters
ties shoes
LANGUAGE
vocabulary > 2000 words
uses sentences regularly
knows at least 4 colors
WARNING SIGNS
magical thinking still dominates
lack of impulse control
Language development -
number of meaningful words in sentences?
Equivalent to age in years -
2 word sentences at age 2, etc.
Toddlers -
type of play?
onlooker and parallel play
Preschool -
type of play?
associative, cooperative, dramatic, physical play
Visual acuity by age 5?
20/30
Toddler -
begins to use a spoon at what age?
15 - 17 months
Toddler -
Gold standard for diagnosis of developmental delays?
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
up to 42 months of age
mental, motor, and behavioral rating scales
Toddler and Preschool -
at what age do nightmares begin?
age 3 years
can describe
Toddler and Preschool -
in what age range do night terrors occur?
2 to 6 years
outgrow
no recall
Toddler -
readiness for toilet training begins in what age range?
1.5 to 2.5 years
Toddler and Preschool - developmental warning signs
at 1 year
is not imitating sounds
is not pulling to standing
is not pointing/gesturing
Toddler and Preschool - developmental warning signs
at 18 months
does not make eye contact
does not feed self with spoon
Stuttering
when to refer?
lasts longer than 6 months
child is older than 6 years
child avoids speaking
Pervasive Developmental Disorders -
an umbrella term include what conditions?
Autism
Asperger’s syndrome
Rett’s disorder
Child disintigrative disorder
Between Autism and Aspberger’s, which may exhibit language delay?
Autism
Rett’s disorder -
males, females, or both?
Females
Rett’s disorder -
described as?
distinct neurodegenerative developmental regression following a period of normal functioning through first 5 months of life
Rett’s disorder -
etiology?
unknown
Rett’s disorder -
clinical presentation
stalling of developmental progression loss of previous skills stereotypic hand movements (hummingbirds near mouth) apraxia delayed head growth seizures scoliosis hypotonicity
Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) -
described as?
marked regression of multiple areas of functioning following at least 2 years of apparently normal development
Higher functioning adolescents with autism are at increased risk for which other condition?
OCD
Holding a glass with one hand is an example of a fine motor skill typically acheived by what age group?
Preschoolers
According to Erikson, the major psychological task between 1 and 2 years of age is the development of:
autonomy
Why is skim milk insufficient for a 16 month old?
It does not contain enough of the essential fatty acids
What is the most sophisticated and advanced type of play?
cooperative
By what age do Pervasive Developmental Disorders develop per diagnostic criteria?
3 years
How is a PDD diagnosis established?
Per DSM-IV-TR
6 behaviors from 3 categories (motor, language, communication and social)
