Adolescent Flashcards
Adolescence overall age range
12 - 20 years
Early adolesence
12 - 14 years
Middle adolescence
15 - 17 years
Late adolescence
18 - 20 years
Physical changes of adolescence
rapid physical changes - reproductive, skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular
Piaget’s cognitive stage of adolescence
Logical, abstract thinking
Erikson’s major psychosocial task of adolescence
identity vs. role confusion
narcissism
Peers vs Parents
who has more influence with adolescents?
Parents
HEADSS
Home environment Employment and education Activities Drugs Social Sexuality, Suicide
What may affect vision in an adolescent?
Hormone surging may affect vision
Tanner
Boys stage 1
Preadolescent
Tanner
Boys stage 2
Roughens
Reddens
Enlarges
(all scrotal/testicular)
Tanner
Boys stage 3
Penis elongates
Tanner
Boys stage 4
Girth
Glans
Rugae
Tanner
Boys stage 5
Adult appearance
Tanner
Girls stage 1
Preadolescent
Tanner
Girls stage 2
Breast buds
Tanner
Girls stage 3
Breast enlargement
Tanner
Girls stage 4
Areola and nipple project as secondary mound
Tanner
Girls stage 5
Adult breast - secondary mound smooths
Tanner
Pubic hair stage 1
Preadolescent
Tanner
Pubic hair stage 2
Sparse
Pale
Fine
Tanner
Pubic hair stage 3
Darker
Increased
Curlier
Tanner
Pubic hair stage 4
Adult-like but smaller area
Tanner
Pubic hair stage 5
Adult appearance
Has spread to medial thighs
At what stage does menarche occur?
Breast stage 3 - 4; predominantly 4
At what stage does spermarche and onset of nocturnal emissions occur?
Genital stage 3
Onset of puberty prior to what age is considered precocious?
Prior to age 8 for girls
age 9 for boys
Which is first skeletal or muscular growth?
Skeletal
“long and gangly first”
then muscles catch up
How much more growth can a female expect after menarche?
Possibly 1 - 2 inches, but growth spurt is done
How many kilocalories does an adolescent need?
45 kilocalories per kg
Developmental warning sign in adolescence?
change in behavior personality changes difficulty accepting failure talk of suicide withdrawal from friends or family
Eating disorders -
anorexia is body weight which is less than ____% of expected weight for height.
85%
Peak incidences are for eating disorders are at what ages?
14 and 18
Significance of amenorrhea in eating disorders?
Estrogen-progestin balance has been disturbed. Must watch for bone density issues later in life.
Tooth enamel erosion in bulemia - early or late sign?
Late sign
What is Russell’s sign?
bruised knuckles
early sign
Eating disorder differentials
Disease producing weight loss - Type I DM
Pregnancy
Depression
Substance abuse - amphetamine
Eating disorder
mild malnutrition
moderate malnutrition
severe malnutrition
mild < 20% below ideal body weight (IBW)
moderate < 30% below IBW
Tanner III is distinguished from Tanner II by:
growth in penile length
What can be expected to occur 2 years after breast buds?
menarche
Which component of identity is likely to develop first?
the physical identity
Which hormone is responsible for the sexual maturation in males?
testosterone
Adolescent girls are especially prone to developing what disorder?
iron deficiency anemia
What is the status of confidentiality for an adolescent?
Parents cannot access information without the adolescent’s permission
