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NP > Adult - Cardiology II > Flashcards

Adult - Cardiology II Flashcards

1
Q

What is “normal” blood pressure?

A

< 120

< 80

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2
Q

Prehypertension starts at

A

120

80

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3
Q

Stage 1 HTN starts at

A

140

90

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4
Q

Stage 2 HTN starts at

A

160

100

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5
Q

Which type of HTN represents 95% of cases?

A

primary - idiopathic cause

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6
Q

What is the leading cause of secondary HTN?

A

renal artery stenosis

others -
pregnancy
endocrine
renal failure

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7
Q

What are exacerbating factors for HTN? (4)

A

smoking
obesity
excessive alcohol
NSAIDs

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8
Q

What is the typical headache of severe HTN?

A

suboccipital
pulsating
worse in the morning, resolving thru the day

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9
Q

HTN goes with which heart sound?

A

S4

related to LVH

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10
Q

Workup for new HTN includes - hugemonguous list because determining if primary or secondary HTN -

A 
renovascular diease studies
CXR - r/o cardiomegaly
aldosterone - r/o aldosteronism
cortisol - r/o cushing
UA
CBC
BMP
ECG
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11
Q

BP should be treated no later than which stage?

A

stage 1

140
90

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12
Q

First step in HTN management (non-pharm)

A

lifestyle changes

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13
Q

Which antihypertensive class works particularly well in those with migraine and angina?

A

beta blockers (-lol)

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14
Q

“If you don’t know what you are doing and its not a diabetic” which antihypertensive class is a good choice?

A

beta blockers (-lol)

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15
Q

What is the best antihypertensive class to use with a diabetic?

A

ACE inhibitors (-pril)

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16
Q

Which antihypertensive class is not usually used as monotherapy and is effective for prinzmetal’s angina?

A

CCB (-dipine)

17
Q

Which antihypertensive class may cause a cough?

A

ACE inhibitors (-pril)

if so, switch to ARB

18
Q

Which antihypertensive class may cause a wheeze?

A

beta blockers (-lol)

19
Q

Which antihypertensive class may cause erectile dysfunction?

A

beta blockers (-lol)

20
Q

Which antihypertensive class may cause angioedema?

A

ARB (-sartan)

21
Q

What BP is considered to be a HTN urgency? Time frame for treatment?

A

180
110

hours to days

22
Q

What is the treatment for HTN urgency?

A

oral therapy

clonidine (Catapres)
captopril (Capoten)
nifedipine (Procardia)
loop diuretics

23
Q

What BP is considered to be a HTN emergency? Time frame for treatment?

A

diastolic BP > 130

treat within 1 hour to prevent target organ damage

24
Q

What is the treatment for a hypertensive emergency?

A

sodium nitroprusside (Niapride) drip

25
Q

What fundoscopic changes are associated with malignant hypertension?

A

flame shaped retinal hemorrhages

papilledema

26
Q

What is papilledema?

A

swelling of the optic disk with blurred margins

27
Q

What is a common complaint with dissecting aortic aneurysm?

A

back pain

eventually the BPs in each arm will be different

28
Q

What is the most common type of angina?

A

stable angina

exertional

29
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

tends to be pre-infarction

can happen at rest

30
Q

Which angina is related to vasospasm?

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

31
Q

What medication class treats Prinzmetal’s angina?

A

CCB

32
Q

What sign is often present in angina?

A

Levine’s sign - clenched fist on chest

33
Q

What is the expected ECG change in angina?

A

DOWNsloping of ST segment

this indicates ISCHEMIA

34
Q

What is the expected ECG change in MI?

A

PEAKED T waves and ST ELEVATION

35
Q

What are the 3 most common meds for angina?

A

nitrates
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers

36
Q

What is the progression of meds for hypercholesterolemia?

A

Statin
Niacin added
Fibrates

37
Q

What is a side effect of niacin?

A

facial flushing

NP (76 decks)

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