Signs, signs, everywhere are signs... Flashcards
Auspitz’s sign
droplets of blood when scale is lifted
+ for PSORIASIS
Koplik’s spots
small white granular spot with red surrounding ring on gums
+ for ordinary measles (Rubeola)
Russell’s sign
Bruised knuckles
r/t bulemia
Hirschberg test
corneal reflex test
+ if light does not reflect from congruent points
r/t strabismus
“Thumb sign”
thumb-shaped patch appears on Xray
+ in epiglottitis
Steeple sign
“steeple” shaped narrowing of the trachea
+ in croup
Barlow’s maneuver
- goal
- procedure
- significance
Try to dislocate –
Adduction of the hip (bringing the thigh towards the midline) while applying light pressure on the knee, directing the force posteriorly.
If the hip is dislocatable - that is, if the hip can be popped out of socket with this maneuver - the test is considered positive.
The Ortolani maneuver is then used, to confirm the positive finding (i.e., that the hip actually dislocated).
Ortolani’s sign
- goal
- procedure
- significance
Try to reduce dislocation -
1 - flex the hips and knees of a supine infant to 90 degrees
2 - examiner’s index fingers placing anterior pressure on the greater trochanters
3 - gently and smoothly abducting the infant’s legs using the examiner’s thumb (open like a book)
+ when a distinctive ‘clunk’ can be heard and felt (as the femoral head relocates anteriorly into the acetabulum)
testing for posterior hip displasia
Galeazzi’s sign
- procedure
- significance
Comparison of the height of knees on supine infant when legs are flexed - feet on surface, ankles touching buttocks
+ for unilateral hip dislocation if knee height is uneven
(if both hips are dislocated, knee height will still be even)
Galeazzi’s sign is otherwise known as
Allis’ sign
Fat-pad sign
elevation of anterior and posterior fat pads on lateral xray view
+ for elbow fracture
follow up with oblique view
String sign
+ for pyloric stenosis
Prehn’s sign
Lifting scrotum –
+ result is relief of pain = epididymis
- result is NO relief = torsion
Cremasteric reflex
Stroking medial thigh elicits raising of ipsilateral testes.
Sig?
Kernig’s sign
Flexing hip to 90 degrees, then extending knee = back pain
+ for meningitis
Brudzinski’s sign
Flexing neck (chin to chest) causes involuntary flexion of legs \+ for meningitis
Phalen’s sign
reproduction of symptoms after 1 minute of wrist flexion
+ for carpel tunnel
Tinel’s sign
tapping median nerve on flexor surface = tingling from wrist to hand
+ for carpel tunnel
Howell-Jolly bodies
indicative of splenic dysfunction
seen in sickle cell, asplenia
Burtonian lines
bluish discoloration at gingival border
indicative of lead poisoning
Chadwick’s sign
cervical cyanosis
Goodell’s sign
softening of the cervix
Hegar’s sign
softening of the cervico-uterine junction
Murphy’s sign
breathe out, examiner’s hands at costal margin on R side, breathe in – “hitch” during inspiration is positive
+ for gall stones
Dix-Hallpike sign
Patient sitting, head turned to 45, quickly lay back, neck extended 30 –> watch for nystagmus
if present + for vertigo
McMurray’s test
audible or palpable click with maneuver
+ for medial meniscal injury
Lachman’s test
also known as Drawer Test
graded 1+ to 3+
ACL/ PCL assessment
Apley’s grind test
pain or click
+ for medial or lateral collateral ligament or meniscal injury
Myerson’s test
automatic blink when tapped on the third eye
aka glabeller reflex
+ in Parkinson’s disease
