Cardiology Flashcards
Prehypertension
Starts at –
120 systolic
80 diastolic
Stage 1 HTN
Starts at –
140 systolic
90 diastolic
Stage 2 HTN
> 160 systolic
> 100 diastolic
Is the systolic or diastolic number more important in determining risk in someone OVER 50?
Systolic.
And the wider the pulse pressure the greater the cardiovascular risk.
Treatment for pre-hypertension?
Lifestyle modification - weight loss, DASH eating plan, sodium restriction, aerobic activity, moderation of alcohol consumption.
Treatment for stage 1 hypertension?
Lifestyle modification and medication.
Thiazide diuretic is usually first line.
May add ACE, ARB, BB, CCB.
Treatment for stage 2 hypertension?
Lifestyle modification and 2+ medications.
Combination of 2 or more drugs, usually a thiazide plus additional medication.
BP goal for general population?
140/90
BP goal for those with DM or renal impairment?
130/80
What kidney-related cardiovascular risk factors were identified by JNC-7?
Microalbuminuria and and GFR of less than 60 mL/min.
Treatment for African Americans with hypertension?
ACE or ARB for renal protection.
CCB or thiazide to increase effectiveness of treatment.
A mid-systolic murmur which gets louder when the patient stands may represent…?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A grade III systolic murmur is usually about as loud as what heart sound?
S1
S3 and S4 are best heard with what part of the stethoscope?
The bell
S3 is heard when in the cardiac cycle?
Early diastole