Tissue expander

Question 1

epidermal layer becomes thinner with tissue expansion

Answer 1

F epidermal layer thickens in reaction to tissue expansion, whereas the dermal layer becomes thinner

Question 2

Growth
factors such as platelet-derived growth factor and angiotensin II have
been implicated in cell growth in tissue expander

Answer 2

T

Question 3

Mechanical creep relies on the skin’s
ability to acutely stretch and increase in surface area during immediate intraoperative tissue expansion

Answer 3

T

Question 4

collagen fiber realignment occurs in biological creep

Answer 4

F mechanical creep

Question 5

increased fibroblast and collagen synthesis, increased
myofilaments, increased mitotic activity, and neovascularization occures in biological creep

Answer 5

t

Question 6

Mechanical creep is very much dependent on the chronicity of controlled tissue
expansion

Answer 6

F Biological creep

Question 7

the force
required to maintain tissue elongation decreases with time as the tissue expansion is maintained

Answer 7

T

Question 8

increased number
and caliber of vessels when compared with a nonexpanded counterpart

Answer 8

T

Question 9

expanded tissues are a form of a delayed flap

Answer 9

T

Question 10

In tissue expander Decreased hair follicle density occurs

Answer 10

T

Question 11

With tissue expander the muscle decrease in it thickness

Answer 11

T

Question 12

Decrease in size and number of mitochondria

Answer 12

F Increased size and number ofmitochondria

Question 13

capsular formation quality may be better with texture versus smooth tissue
expanders

Answer 13

T

Question 14

integrated port is less ideal if there is lack
of coverage secondary to the thinning of overlying soft tissue

Answer 14

T

Question 15

Smoking, radiation, and infections have a higher risk of
wound complications both during the expansion process and afterward

Answer 15

T

Question 16

direction of movement will be perpendicular to the incision placed to maximize flap coverage and minimize tension during
expansion

Answer 16

T

Question 17

If the patient is in any discomfort,
the expansion could be stopped and/or fluid can be taken out until
comfortable again

Answer 17

T

Question 18

Once the goal is met, the second-staged reconstruction can immediately established

Answer 18

F Once the goal is met, it is best to wait 3 to 4 weeks
before the second-staged reconstruction

Question 19

One can use this
techniqueto cover large defects involving up to 50% of the scalp without significant thinning of the hair-bearing areas.

Answer 19

T

Question 20

The expander is typically placed in the
subcutanouse plane under the hair-bearing area.

Answer 20

F The expander is typically placed in the
subgaleal plane under hair-bearing area.

Question 21

Capsulectomies are avoided, as they may devascularize the flap.
Galeotomies may also devascularize the flap, but if carefully done, one
may preserve the galeal blood supply

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Permanent cranial molding can occurs with expander

Answer 22

F temporary cranial molding occurs with
correction in 3 to 4 months.

Question 23

Expansion with direct advancement of
tissues can be used to reconstruct 25% to 70% of forehead defects

Answer 23

T

Question 24

In neck placement of the
expander above the platysma or submuscular aponeurotic system

Answer 24

T

Question 25

Transgender females to delay breast augmentation until at least
2 years of estrogen therapy

Answer 25

T

Question 26

tissue expansion of the trunk is associated with
low rates of morbidity and mortality

Answer 26

T

Question 27

most complications from tissue expansion are minor

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Complications of tissue expander

Answer 28

Seroma formation, widened scar, discomfort from the
expansion itself, bone resorption, neuropraxia, remenant excessive
soft tissue, and other aesthetic concerns

Question 29

Major complications

Answer 29

Major complications consist of hematoma, infection, implant
exposure, implant failure or iatrogenic injury, and overlying tissue
compromise

Question 30

Rectangular expander give 38%

Answer 30

t

Question 31

The foundation for tissue expansion technique actually has its derivation from distraction osteogenesis

Answer 31

t

Question 32

epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) that
are involved in cell migration, differentiation, and wound healing

Answer 32

T

Question 33

mechanical creep physiology

Answer 33

displacement of fluids out of the collagen network leading to dehydration of
tissues, collagen fiber realignment in a parallel fashion, elastic fibers
microfragmentation, and adjacent tissue migration into the expanded
field as a result of the stretching force

Question 34

increased number
and caliber of vessels when compared with a nonexpanded counterpart.17 This can be attributed to increased angiogenic factors such as
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressed in expanded
tissues

Answer 34

T

Question 35

Permanent decrease in fat cells and thickness

Answer 35

T

Question 36

after mastectomy, tissue expanders are placed in a subpectoral or more recently prepectoral position in conjunction with
acellular dermal matrix for supplemental or total coverage

Answer 36

T

Question 37

TGF has
been reported to eventually manipulate morphology, migration, and wound healing by enhancing fibroblast growth and
stimulation of extracellular matrix production

Answer 37

T

Question 38

Collage density remains the same and
increased angiogenesis occurs in tissue expander

Answer 38

T