Craniofacial Microsomia

Question 1

the second most congenital anomaly present after C/P?

Answer 1

Craniofacial Microsomia

Question 2

Craniofacial macrosomia arise from which bronchial arch?

Answer 2

arises from the first and second
branchial arches,

Question 3

How many phases for craniofacial osteogenesis?

Answer 3

There are three phases-latency (4-5 days), distraction
( 4-6 weeks, or until the desired amount of advancement is
obtained), and consolidation (6-8 weeks).

Question 4

Early craniofacial distraction can’t do for children? true?

Answer 4

The early distraction of midface (Le Fort I or III osteotomies)
can be considered if maxillary and malar asymmetry
is significant before skeletal maturity.

Question 5

What is oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia?

Answer 5

The OAV spectrum
includes a variable phenotype and affects a greater range of
structures, including the skeletal and soft-tissue components of the
face, orbits, and cranium, as well as the axial skeleton and visceral
structures.

Question 6

Can consider CFM as a subset of OAV
dysplasia?

Answer 6

yes with a presentation limited to disorders of tissues stemming from the first and second branchial arches, most commonly thought of as involving the ear and the mandible

Question 7

what is Goldenhar
syndrome?

Answer 7

considered as a subset of both OAV spectrum and
CFM, is defined by ocular anomalies (most commonly epibulbar dermoids or lipodermoids), auricular anomalies (ranging from microtia to accessory tragal remnants), and vertebral anomalies

Question 8

deficiency of the stapedial artery in irrigating the affected tissues in the period after the formation of the external carotid artery true? or false?

Answer 8

False , deficiency of the stapedial artery in irrigating the affected tissues in the period Before the formation of the external carotid artery

Question 9

percentage of bilateral HM ?

Answer 9

5-30%

Question 10

percetage of unilateral HM ?

Answer 10

60% RIGHT SIDE 65%MALE

Question 11

The most common affected part of the mandible in CAM?

Answer 11

90% involvement of the mandible and most common site condyle followed by ramus

Question 12

in case of shrinkage in the size of the maxilla, is the position of the maxillary sinus affected?or not ?

Answer 12

maxillary sinus displaced superiorly

Question 13

Importantly, the most common site of extracranial bony involvement is ……..

Answer 13

the axial skeleton with vertebral or rib anomalies in 8% to
79% of patients

Question 14

Epibulbar dermoids are more frequently associated with

Answer 14

Goldenhar syndrome but may also be seen in CFM.

Question 15

how you can identify the brian involvement in CFM?

Answer 15

Developmental disorders including intellectual
disability, language or speech developmental delay, and neuropsychomotor delay have been seen in 8% to 73% of patients. The presence of brain anomalies is well correlated with ocular findings, and epibulbar dermoids specifically.

Question 16

The cranial nerve most commonly involved in CFM ?

Answer 16

The cranial nerve most commonly involved is the facial nerve ( CN VII)

Question 17

Percentage of macrosomia in CFM?

Answer 17

Macrostomia can be seen in up to 35% of patients, with wide variations in severity.

Question 18

cardiovascular findings in up to ………..of patients

Answer 18

33%

Question 19

Genitourinary defects are seen in up to ……. of patients

Answer 19

18%

Question 20

More rarely, pulmonary
and gastrointestinal anomalies may be encountered in up to
…………………. of patients,

Answer 20

15% and 12%

Question 21

What is the type of hearing loss in microtia?

Answer 21

hearing loss is conductive in the vast majority of cases (73%-86%) and may be present on the contralateral side in unilateral CFM cases.

Question 22

Does the severity of hearing loss correlate with severity of CFM?

Answer 22

Notably, the severity of craniofacial features does not appear to correlate with the degree of hearing loss, so all patients suspected to be at risk should undergo formal audiologic evaluation.

Question 23

the structure reflects the degree of hypoplasia of the ramus

Answer 23

The size of the condyle

Question 24

In addition to being short, the ramus is usually displaced toward ????

Answer 24

In addition to
being short, the ramus is usually displaced toward the midline

Question 25

the condyle affected to some degree in every patient with CFM True or False?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Percentage of patients present with hypodontia in CFM?

Answer 26

Up to 27% of patients also present with hypodontia, which correlates in severity to the degree of
mandibular hypoplasia.

Question 27

What the draw back of hypopalsia of the maxilla in CFM?

Answer 27

The smaller maxilla is associated
with a superior displacement of the maxillary sinus and nasal
base.

Question 28

Percentage of plagiocephaly in CFM?

Answer 28

12%

Question 29

The gleniod fossa flattened in …….. of HFM

Answer 29

27%

Question 30

How much the percentage of the patients that hav mandibular hypoplasia in CFM?

Answer 30

More than 90%

Question 31

The degree of condyle and ramus malformation corresponds to what structure?

Answer 31

. The degree of condyle and ramus malformation corresponds to changes in the glenoid fossa.

Question 32

what the most common site for extracranial
bony involovment in CFM?

Answer 32

The axial skeleton with vertebrae or rib anamoly

Question 33

The presence of brain anomaly is well correlated with ?

Answer 33

Ocular finding and peribulbar dermoid specifically

Question 34

the most common nerve involved in CFM IS?

Answer 34

VII Facial

Question 35

isolated microtia may serve as a useful marker for what?

Answer 35

isolated microtia may serve as a useful marker to trigger
screening in patients for other manifestations of OAV dysplasia, as it has been shown to predict later facial growth asymmetry in up to 40% of screened patients.

Question 36

Isolated microtia or aural atresia
likely does not warrant imaging of the spine or kidneys, true or false?

Answer 36

Isolated microtia or aural atresia
likely does not warrant imaging of the spine or kidneys as the prevalence of abnormalities does not appear increased in this population

Question 37

OMENS+ indicate what?

Answer 37

include extracraniofacial abnormalities

Question 38

when should use the modified Pruzansky classification?

Answer 38

modified Pruzansky grade should be
assigned for any child with mandibular hypoplasia

Question 39

there is no indication for routine genetic testing of
patients with CFM true or false?

Answer 39

true

Question 40

M2B of OMENS Grading system means what?

Answer 40

M2B Abnormally shaped and short ram us (Glenoid fossa is
Inferiorly, medially and anteriorly displaced with the hypoplastic condyle

Question 41

One of the more common complications in SSO(sagittal split osteotomy) (surgical
site occurrence) is ,,,,,,,,,,

Answer 41

injury to the inferior alveolar nerve