Lymphedema Flashcards
What are the risk factor for secondary lymphedema?
obesity, infections, radiation, and genetic predisposition
What associated features that manifest in several primary lym phedema phenotypes and can influence natural history
associated features such as vascular anomalies and limb growth disturbances that manifest in several primary lym phedema phenotypes and can influence natural history
Clinicians must also consider that patients can present with a mixed picture of primary and secondary lymphedema. Tor F
T
In radiological investigations for brachial pleaxus diaphragmatic muscle paralysis (hemidiaphragmatic elevation on the injured side) suggests a likely involvement of the lower plexus
diaphragmatic muscle paralysis (hemidiaphragmatic elevation on the injured side) suggests a likely involvement of the upper plexus as the diaphragmatic innervation (C3, C4, and CS) that is involved
Symprachoductyly most commonly is bilateral?
Synprachoductyly is more common in males, and is often unilateral, affecting the left extremity in two-thirds of cases
What is the most common type of polyductyly?
Postaxial polydactyly can present as a small skin nubbin on the ulnar aspect of the hand or as a fully formed digit This is the most common type of polydactyly and is frequently found in African Americans
Flexion contraction can occur in MCP andDIP in camptoductyly?
F. Only pip Although hyperextension of the DIP or MCP joints may occur in camptodactyly, flex.ion contracture of these joints would instead suggest a post-traumatic cause.
Camptoductyly can be associated with swan neck deformities?
boutonniere deformity.
When i should seek treatment for clinodactyly?
Treatment for clinodactyly is typically considered when there is more than 20 degrees of deviation
Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in any stages
Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in the early stages
what the percentage of congenital lymphoedeme?
Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 6% to 12% of primary cases. Women are affected
twice as often as men, and the lower limb is involved three times as
commonly as the upper limb.
What the incidence of
lymphedema following lymph node biopsy?
sentinel lymph node biopsy is between 5%
and 7%.
axillary lymphadenectomy is approximately 20%
combination of axillary lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy reaches 25% to 40%
risk factors for secondary lymphedema ?
obesity, infections, radiation, and genetic predisposition.
Vascular anamoly cannot occures with lymphoedema?
vascular anomalies and limb growth disturbances that manifest in several primary lym phedema phenotypes and can influence natural history.
patients can present with a mixed picture of primary and secondary lymphedema.
T
What the Objective measurements for lymphoedema?
objective measurements used in clinical practice including
bioimpedance spectroscopy,
perometry,
skin tonometry,
tissue dielectric constant,
water displacement,
and circumferential measurement
the MD inderson calssificatin of lymphoedema depend on what ?
The MD Anderson classification defines stages of lymphedema based
on flow patterns observed on ICG lymphography
using LVA for lymphoedema can eliminate the need for continuous compression dressing.
objective benefit for patients with early-stage lymphedema potentially eliminating the
need for continued use of compression garments.
What is Stewart-Treves syndrome.?
Lymphangiosarcoma in a lymphedematous upper extremity after mastectomy is termed Stewart-Treves syndrome.
how much the ratio of lymphodema between apper and lower extermity?
9:1
Prevention is the most effective intervention for lymphedema.
T
Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in any stages
of lymphedema
F Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in the early stages
of lymphedema
Genetic derangements underlie the disease mechanisms in primary lymphedema,
T
the most commonly used
classification of primary lymphedema is based on the time of onset
T
The types of primary lymphedema
congenital lymphedema, lymphedema praecox,
and lymphedema tarda
Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 20% to 30% of primary cases
F Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 6% to 12% of primary cases
The types of primary lymphedema
congenital lymphedema, lymphedema praecox,
and lymphedema tarda
Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in any stages
of lymphedema
F Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in the early stages
of lymphedema
Genetic derangements underlie the disease mechanisms in primary lymphedema,
T
the most commonly used
classification of primary lymphedema is based on the time of onset
T
Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 20% to 30% of primary cases
F Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 6% to 12% of primary cases
Women are affected twice as often as men, and the lower limb is involved three times as commonly as the upper limb.
T
Lymphedema praecox presents most
commonly as unilateral lower limb edema after birth up to age 35.
T
Lymphedema praecox
affects women four times as often as men
T
Prevention is the most effective intervention for lymphedema.
T
the most commonly used
classification of primary lymphedema is based on the time of onset
T
Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in any stages
of lymphedema
F Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in the early stages
of lymphedema
The types of primary lymphedema
congenital lymphedema, lymphedema praecox,
and lymphedema tarda
lymphedema tarda, also more common in women, presents after age 35. It accounts for
11% of primary cases
T
Women are affected twice as often as men, and the lower limb is involved three times as commonly as the upper limb.
T
Lymphedema praecox presents most
commonly as unilateral lower limb edema after birth up to age 35.
T
Lymphedema praecox
affects women four times as often as men
T
Percentage of Lymphedema praecox
(77%-94%) of cases
Genetic derangements underlie the disease mechanisms in primary lymphedema,
T
Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 20% to 30% of primary cases
F Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 6% to 12% of primary cases
primary lymphederna is most commonly classified by
time of onset, this classification is insufficient to account for phenotypic variations within categories
T
advances in molecular techniques have contributed to
identifying causal mutations linked to specific phenotypes ofprimary lymphedema
T
In middle and high-income countries, the most common cause of secondary lymphedema is tissue trauma from surgical procedures
T
The incidence of
lymphedema following sentinel lymph node biopsy is between 5% and 7%.
T
The incidence for patients who undergo axillary lymphadenectomy
is approximately 20%
for patients who undergo
a combination of axillary lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy
reaches 25% to 40%.
risk-reducing behaviors
include avoidance of venipuncture, blood pressure monitoring, and
resistance exercise involving at-risk limbs
T
Genetic derangements underlie the disease mechanisms in primary lymphedema,
T
The types of primary lymphedema
congenital lymphedema, lymphedema praecox,
and lymphedema tarda
the most commonly used
classification of primary lymphedema is based on the time of onset
T
primary lymphederna is most commonly classified by
time of onset, this classification is insufficient to account for phenotypic variations within categories
T
Lymphedema praecox
affects women four times as often as men
T
Prevention is the most effective intervention for lymphedema.
T
Women are affected twice as often as men, and the lower limb is involved three times as commonly as the upper limb.
T
advances in molecular techniques have contributed to
identifying causal mutations linked to specific phenotypes ofprimary lymphedema
T
Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 20% to 30% of primary cases
F Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 6% to 12% of primary cases
In middle and high-income countries, the most common cause of secondary lymphedema is tissue trauma from surgical procedures
T
for patients who undergo
a combination of axillary lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy
reaches 25% to 40%.
The incidence for patients who undergo axillary lymphadenectomy
is approximately 20%
Lymphedema praecox presents most
commonly as unilateral lower limb edema after birth up to age 35.
T
lymphedema tarda, also more common in women, presents after age 35. It accounts for 11% of primary cases
T
risk-reducing behaviors
include avoidance of venipuncture, blood pressure monitoring, and
resistance exercise involving at-risk limbs
T
The incidence of
lymphedema following sentinel lymph node biopsy is between 5% and 7%.
T
risk factors for secondary lymphedema include
Obesity, infections, radiation, and genetic predisposition
Prevention is the most effective intervention for lymphedema.
T
Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in any stages
of lymphedema
F Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in the early stages
of lymphedema
Genetic derangements underlie the disease mechanisms in primary lymphedema,
T
the most commonly used
classification of primary lymphedema is based on the time of onset
T
The types of primary lymphedema
congenital lymphedema, lymphedema praecox,
and lymphedema tarda
Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 20% to 30% of primary cases
F Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 6% to 12% of primary cases
Women are affected twice as often as men, and the lower limb is involved three times as commonly as the upper limb.
T
Lymphedema praecox presents most
commonly as unilateral lower limb edema after birth up to age 35.
T
Lymphedema praecox
affects women four times as often as men
T
primary lymphederna is most commonly classified by
time of onset, this classification is insufficient to account for phenotypic variations within categories
T
lymphedema tarda, also more common in women, presents after age 35. It accounts for 11% of primary cases
T
In middle and high-income countries, the most common cause of secondary lymphedema is tissue trauma from surgical procedures
T
advances in molecular techniques have contributed to
identifying causal mutations linked to specific phenotypes ofprimary lymphedema
T
The incidence of
lymphedema following sentinel lymph node biopsy is between 5% and 7%.
T
risk-reducing behaviors
include avoidance of venipuncture, blood pressure monitoring, and
resistance exercise involving at-risk limbs
T
for patients who undergo
a combination of axillary lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy
reaches 25% to 40%.
The incidence for patients who undergo axillary lymphadenectomy
is approximately 20%
obesity and infections are potentially
controllable risk factors that should be acted upon by clinicians who
encounter high-risk patients
T
Prevention is the most effective intervention for lymphedema.
T
Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in any stages
of lymphedema
F Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in the early stages
of lymphedema
Genetic derangements underlie the disease mechanisms in primary lymphedema,
T
The types of primary lymphedema
congenital lymphedema, lymphedema praecox,
and lymphedema tarda
Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 20% to 30% of primary cases
F Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 6% to 12% of primary cases
Lymphedema praecox
affects women four times as often as men
T
Lymphedema praecox presents most
commonly as unilateral lower limb edema after birth up to age 35.
T
Percentage of Lymphedema praecox
(77%-94%) of cases
advances in molecular techniques have contributed to
identifying causal mutations linked to specific phenotypes ofprimary lymphedema
T
risk-reducing behaviors
include avoidance of venipuncture, blood pressure monitoring, and
resistance exercise involving at-risk limbs
T
for patients who undergo
a combination of axillary lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy
reaches 25% to 40%.
Risk factors for secondary lymphedema include
Obesity, infections, radiation, and genetic predisposition
Women are affected twice as often as men, and the lower limb is involved three times as commonly as the upper limb.
T
the most commonly used
classification of primary lymphedema is based on the time of onset
T
obesity and infections are potentially
controllable risk factors that should be acted upon by clinicians who
encounter high-risk patients
T
In middle and high-income countries, the most common cause of secondary lymphedema is tissue trauma from surgical procedures
T
primary lymphederna is most commonly classified by
time of onset, this classification is insufficient to account for phenotypic variations within categories
T
for patients who undergo
a combination of axillary lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy
reaches 25% to 40%.
Risk factors for secondary lymphedema include
Obesity, infections, radiation, and genetic predisposition
obesity and infections are potentially
controllable risk factors that should be acted upon by clinicians who
encounter high-risk patients
T
Genetic derangements underlie the disease mechanisms in primary lymphedema,
T
Prevention is the most effective intervention for lymphedema.
T
Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 20% to 30% of primary cases
F Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 6% to 12% of primary cases
The types of primary lymphedema
congenital lymphedema, lymphedema praecox,
and lymphedema tarda
Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in any stages
of lymphedema
F Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in the early stages
of lymphedema
the most commonly used
classification of primary lymphedema is based on the time of onset
T
Percentage of Lymphedema praecox
(77%-94%) of cases
Lymphedema praecox
affects women four times as often as men
T
lymphedema tarda, also more common in women, presents after age 35. It accounts for 11% of primary cases
T
primary lymphederna is most commonly classified by
time of onset, this classification is insufficient to account for phenotypic variations within categories
T
In middle and high-income countries, the most common cause of secondary lymphedema is tissue trauma from surgical procedures
T
Lymphedema praecox presents most
commonly as unilateral lower limb edema after birth up to age 35.
T
The incidence of
lymphedema following sentinel lymph node biopsy is between 5% and 7%.
T
advances in molecular techniques have contributed to
identifying causal mutations linked to specific phenotypes ofprimary lymphedema
T
Risk factors for secondary lymphedema include
Obesity, infections, radiation, and genetic predisposition
risk-reducing behaviors
include avoidance of venipuncture, blood pressure monitoring, and
resistance exercise involving at-risk limbs
T
for patients who undergo
a combination of axillary lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy
reaches 25% to 40%.
The incidence for patients who undergo axillary lymphadenectomy
is approximately 20%
natural history perhaps depends
more on underlying causal mutations and their penetrance rather than time of onset.
T
obesity and infections are potentially
controllable risk factors that should be acted upon by clinicians who
encounter high-risk patients
T
classification by underlying mechanism necessitates consideration of other associated features such as
vascular anomalies and limb growth disturbances that manifest in several primary lymphedema phenotypes and can influence natural history.
T
Patients who develop BCRL typically present an average of 8 to 12 months after surgery
T
77% of patients who will develop
BCRL do so by the third year after surgery and then the risk is approximately 1 % per year
T
for gynecological and genitourinary
tumors. up to 75% of
these patients who developed secondary lymphedema
T
The first sign of lymphoedema
begins with pitting edema that correlates with the interstitial accumulation of protein-rich ultrafiltrate
Clinicians must also consider that patients can present with a mixed picture of primary and secondary lymphedema.
t
objective measurements
bioimpedance spectroscopy,
perometry,
skin tonometry,
tissue dielectric constant,
water displacement, and circumferential measurement
Water displacement (volume of water a limb displaces when
immersed) is considered the most accurate measurement because of its high reliability
T
Circumferential measurements are the most commonly used measure in clinical practice and if properly performed meet the desired criteria outlined earlier
T
A 5 cm or greater increase in circumference is widely
accepted as the definition of lymphedema
F A 2 cm or greater increase in circumference is widely
accepted as the definition of lymphedema
Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in any stages
of lymphedema
F Lymphovenous anastomosis is indicated in the early stages
of lymphedema
Prevention is the most effective intervention for lymphedema.
T
Genetic derangements underlie the disease mechanisms in primary lymphedema,
T
the most commonly used
classification of primary lymphedema is based on the time of onset
T
Women are affected twice as often as men, and the lower limb is involved three times as commonly as the upper limb.
T
The types of primary lymphedema
congenital lymphedema, lymphedema praecox,
and lymphedema tarda
Lymphedema praecox presents most
commonly as unilateral lower limb edema after birth up to age 35.
T
Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 20% to 30% of primary cases
F Congenital lymphedema presents at birth,
and it accounts for 6% to 12% of primary cases
Lymphedema praecox
affects women four times as often as men
T
Percentage of Lymphedema praecox
(77%-94%) of cases
lymphedema tarda, also more common in women, presents after age 35. It accounts for 11% of primary cases
T
primary lymphederna is most commonly classified by
time of onset, this classification is insufficient to account for phenotypic variations within categories
T
advances in molecular techniques have contributed to
identifying causal mutations linked to specific phenotypes ofprimary lymphedema
T
The incidence of
lymphedema following sentinel lymph node biopsy is between 5% and 7%.
T
In middle and high-income countries, the most common cause of secondary lymphedema is tissue trauma from surgical procedures
T
The incidence for patients who undergo axillary lymphadenectomy
is approximately 20%
for patients who undergo
a combination of axillary lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy
reaches 25% to 40%.
Risk factors for secondary lymphedema include
Obesity, infections, radiation, and genetic predisposition
risk-reducing behaviors
include avoidance of venipuncture, blood pressure monitoring, and
resistance exercise involving at-risk limbs
T
obesity and infections are potentially
controllable risk factors that should be acted upon by clinicians who
encounter high-risk patients
T
Natural history perhaps depends
more on underlying causal mutations and their penetrance rather than time of onset.
T
