Thinking, Language, and Intelligence 4 Flashcards
language
system for combining symbols (such as words) so that an infinite number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others
also to represent own internal mental activity
important part of thinking
parts of language
grammar phonemes morphemes syntax semantics pragmatics
grammar
the system of rules governing the structure and use of a language
chomsky
humans have innate ability to understand and produce language through LAD (language acquisition device)
complexities of grammar wired in to brain
LAD
language acquisition device
innate program that contained a schema for human language
phonemes
basic units of sound in a language
different sounds in different languages
morphemes
the smallest units of meaning within a language
syntax
system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences
semantics
rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences
pragmatics
the practical aspects of communicating with others
social niceties of language
knowing social cues, gestures, ways ti speak to different people, etc
intonation
knowing what rhythm and emphasis to use when communicating with others
part of pragmatics
piaget
concepts precede and aid development of language
concepts are pegs on which language is hung
child less egotistic and collective monologue reduced
collective monologue
kids talk to themselves even when playing with another kid
kids talk about something unrelated to speech of the other
vygotsky
language actually helped develop concepts
language could help child learn t control behavior including social behavior
word help form concept
egocentric speech of preschooler way to form thoughts and organic actions to obtain goals
evidence
vygotsky correct
kids use more private speech when learning how to socialize with other kids or when working on difficult task
linguistic relativity hypothesis
sapir-whorf hypothesis
assumes that the thought processes and concepts within any culture are determined by the words of the culture
thought processes and concepts are controlled by/relative to language
words people use determine much of way in which think about world around them
sapir and whorf sneaks
say inuit were example but actually not true
no studies as proof
cognitive universalism
concepts are universal and influence the development of language
more recent
against linguistic relativity
bird study
kids shown flamingo and bat, how eat food, flamingo mashed, asked how blackbird feeds baby, kids who were told flamingo was a bird said mashed up
influence of language on
problem solving, cognition, and memory
animals can
communicate but not use language
animal gestures instinctual not deliberate and voluntary
kanzi
chimpanzee, learned symbols through observation, understand english words
four sounds for banana, grapes, juice, and yes
