Disorders and Therapy 1 Flashcards
psychopathology
the study of abnormal bx and psychological dysfunction
medical model
how modern day psychological disorders are viewed so that can be diagnosed according to various symptoms have etiology (origin), course, and prognosis
situational context
social or environmental setting of a person’s behavior
can make a difference in how bx or thinking labeled
subjective discomfort
emotional distress while engaging in a particular bx or thought process
sign of abnormality
maladaptive
sign of abnormality
person finds it hard to adapt to the demands of day to day living
may initially help cope but has harmful effects
abnormal questions criteria
is thinking or bx unusual
does thinking or bx go against social norms
does bx or psychological function cause person significant subjective discomfort
is thought process or bx maladaptive or result in inability to function
does thought process or bx cause person to be dangerous to self or others
psychological disorder
any pattern of bx that causes people significant distress, causes them t harm themselves or others, or harms their ability to function in daily life
insanity/insanity defense
legal term used to argue that mentally ill person who has committed crime shouldn’t be held responsible for actions bc wasn’t able to understand difference between right and wrong at the time
biological model
proposes that psychological disorders have biological or medical cause
faulty neurotransmitters, genetic problems, brain damage, etc
psychodynamic view
disordered thinking and bx is result of repressing threatening thoughts, memories, and concerns in unconscious mind
disordered functioning bc thoughts repressed
behaviorism view
disordered bx learned, can unlearn
cognitive psychologists
study way people think, remember, and mentally organize info
see maladaptive functioning as resulting from illogical thinking patterns
sociocultural perspective
abnormal thinking or bx is product of behavioral shaping within context of family influences, social groups, and culture
cultural relativity
need to consider unique characteristics of culture in which person w disorder was nurtured to be able to correctly diagnose and treat the disorder
culture-bound symptoms
disorders unique to specific cultures previously referred to as this
change to cultural syndromes, cultural idioms of distress, and cultural explanations or perceived cause
cultural syndromes
may or may not be recognized as illness within culture but are nonetheless recognizable as distinct set of symptoms or characteristics of distress
cultural idioms of distress
terms or phrases used to describe suffering or distress within given cultural context
cultural explanations
culturally defined ways of explaining the source or cause of symptoms or illness
biopsychosocial model
combines biological, social, and psychological influences
DSM
5th edition
describes criteria for mental illnesses and how to diagnose and examples
how common are psychological disorders
26.2% of american adults over 18
many have multiple disorders
rosenhan study
normal people act like have schizophrenia and say hear voices but then once admitted act perfectly normal, took a long time to get out of hospital, shows dangers of labels
anxiety disorders
disorders in which most dominant symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety
anxiety is maladaptive, excessive, unrealistic
free-floating anxiety
anxiety that seems to be unrelated to any realistic and specific, known factor, often symptom of anxiety disorder
phobia
irrational, persistent fear of something
social anxiety disorder
aka social phobia
fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation
one of most common phobias
specific phobia
irrational fear of some object or specific situation
claustrophobia = fear of small, enclosed spaces
acrophobia = fear of heights
agoraphobia
fear of being in place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong
anxiety present in more than one situation
panic attack
sudden onset of extreme panic with various physical symptoms: racing heart, rapid breathing, sensation of being out of body, dulled hearing and vision, sweating, dry mouth
similar to heart attack feeling
think dying, state of terror
panic disorder
when panic attacks occurs more than once or repeatedly and cause persistent worry or changes in bx
generalized anxiety disorder
excessive anxiety and worries occur more days than not for at least 6 months
free-floating anxiety
worry a ton, physical symptoms
obsessive-compulsive disorder
intruding thoughts that occur again and again (obsessions) are followed by some repetitive, ritualistic behavior or mental acts (compulsions)
compulsions meant to lower anxiety caused by thought
acute stress disorder
symptoms immediately after event, anxiety, dissociative, recurring nightmares, flashbacks, etc for as long as 1 month following event
from exposure to significant and traumatic stressors
post traumatic stress disorder
when symptoms associated with ASD last longer than a month
can develop PTSD from ASD
symptoms may not occur until 6 months or later after event
perceive world around them differently
magnification
tendency to make mountains out of molehills by interpreting situations as being far more harmful, dangerous, or embarrassing than they actually are
cause of anxiety disorders
all-or-nothing thinking
person believes performance must be perfect or result will be total failure
cause of anxiety disorders
overgeneralization
minimization
single negative event interpreted as never-ending pattern of defeat
giving little or no emphasis to one’s successes or positive events and traits
biological bases
genetic, runs in families
amygdala more active in people with anxiety
ataque de nervios
TKS (taijin kyofusho)
latin america, person has fits of crying, shouting, aggressive after stressful events
japan, excessive fear and anxiety that will do something embarrassing in public
