Motivation 5 Flashcards
biological theories of motivation
instinct theory, drive reduction theory, arousal theory, opponent process theory
instinct theory
things passed down, given genetically, NOT reflexes, complex behaviors
aka fixed action pattern
humans don’t have fixed action patterns, debate if even have instincts
drive reduction theory
quest for homeostasis
primary reinforcers don’t account for everything
need to drive to action to homeostasis to need etc
arousal theory
autonomic nervous system arousal
stimulation, fills in gaps of drive reduction theory
don’t want to be bored, optimal level of arousal
optimum stress zone
optimal level of arousal right level of challenge understimulated = bored overstimulated = burnout different for everyone
opponent process theory
soloman
extreme behavior, explains why take big risks
trying to achieve homeostasis but with more extreme things
extreme excitement to extreme relief, similar to doing drugs
maslow
humanist
interactionism (bringing multiple paradigms together)
hierarchy of needs
big problem = theoretical, no data, no science, sometimes people can skip over bottom needs
cognitive theories of motivation
attribution, locus of control, learned helplessness, social loafing, social facilitation
over justification effect
when you add extrinsic motivation to something intrinsic, suck out intrinsic motivation
theory X of motivation
generally in workplace
assumes people are lazy, need extrinsic incentives, need close supervision, need structure
solution = task leadership
theory Y of motivation
generally in workplace
assumes people are self-motivated, seek out achievement, need freedom of choice
solution = social leadership
task leadership
hands on, schedules, guidelines, incentives
ex. school
most productive when know goal and how to get there
social leadership
step back, work still done
sleep deprived
hungrier because leptin levels out of whack
stomach hunger
if stretched then full, if not then hungry
tests if quality nutrients are in it
liver hunger
tests glucose/blood sugar, says if enough glucose
glucose produced in pancreas
intestines hunger
tests for fat, say if have had enough fat release CCK (cholecystokinin) which says if enough fat or not
thermogenesis
body temperature goes up when you eat
set point
homeostasis of fat in body, want to maintain fat
ego-syntonic
something that fits with sense of self, works for your worldview
ego-dystonic
things that don’t fit in with worldview or sense of self, don’t work for you
anorexia vs bulimia
anorexia is ego-syntonic (actions make them feel better)
bulimia is ego-dystonic (feel horrible about actions, hide them, feel guilt and shame)
main thing emotion theorists arguing about
order of things
common sense theory
stimulus to conscious feeling to autonomic arousal
james lange theory
each arousal unique
stimulus to autonomic arousal and behavior to conscious feeling
cannon bard theory
stimulus to subcortical brain activity (thalamus, relay center) to conscious feeling and autonomic arousal (same time)
arousal all similar
schachter
stimulus to autonomic arousal to appraisal to conscious feeling
arousal all similar
appraisal
cognitive label to emotion
reciprocity of emotions
feel same as other people, see their facial expressions and feel same
plutchik’s wheel of emotion
ranks emotions and how they are similar and what combinations make other emotions universal emotions (8)
