Disorders and Therapy 3 Flashcards
affect
emotion or mood
mood disorders
disturbances in emotion aka affective disorders
pushed to an extreme of emotion
major depressive disorder (MDD)
when deeply depressed mood comes on fairly suddenly and either seems to be too severe for circumstances or exists without any external cause for sadness
more likely in women, not hormones but sociocultural factors
seasonal affective disorder
mood disorder caused by body’s reaction to low levels of light present in winter months
bipolar disorder
person experiences periods of mood that can range from severe depression to manic episodes
bipolar I disorder
person only experiences mood that spans from normal to manic, may or may not expereicen episodes of depression
bipolar II disorder
spans of normal mood are interspersed with episodes of major depression and episodes of hypomania (level of mood elevated but at level below full mania)
therapy
treatment methods aimed at making people feel better and function more effectively
eclectic
using more than one treatment approach or technique to best meet the needs of the people
often used by psychiatrists
psychotherapy
involves individual, couple, or small group of individuals working directly with therapist and discussing concerns or problems
goal = help mentally healthy and psychologically disordered people understand selves better
insight therapies
goal = help mentally healthy and psychologically disordered people understand selves better
action therapy
directed more at changing behavior than providing insights into reasons for bx
biomedical therapies
use of drugs, surgical methods, electric shock treatments, and noninvasive stimulation techniques
best if used with psychotherapy
psychoanalysis
help patients feel more relaxed, open, and able to explore innermost feelings without fear
insight therapy, emphasizes revealing the unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires that are assumed to cause disordered emotions and bx
dream interpretation
analysis of elements within patient’s reported dream
manifest cotent = actual content of dream
latent content = hidden, symbolic meaning of dream
free association
breuer
patients freely say whatever comes into mind, repressed impulses and other material trying to break free into consciousness, would eventually surface using this technique
resistance freud
point at which patient becomes unwilling to talk about certain topics
transference freud
when therapist becomes symbol of parental authority figure from past
countertransference
therapists experience, transference reaction to patient
directive
modern psychoanalyst
ask questions, suggest bx, give opinions and interpretations
psychodynamic therapy
shorter than psychoanalysis, less on id and more on ego, transference more
interpersonal psychotherapy
developed to address depression, insight therapy focusing on relationships of individual with others and interplay between mood and events of everyday life
meyer and sullivan, bowlby
nondirective
humanistic
real self, ideal self, unconditional positive regard
Rogers
person in therapy does real work, therapist acts as sounding board
person-centered therapy
rogers
unconditional positive regard so real self can become ideal self
person center of process, bigger role, therapist has lesser role
elements in successful person-therapist relationship
authenticity
unconditional positive regard
empathy
authenticity
therapist must show, genuine, open, honest response to individual
has to tolerate differences without being judgemental
unconditional positive regard
warm, accepting, completely uncritical atmosphere that therapist must create for people they work with
have respect for individual and feelings, values, and goals even if different from therapist’s
empathy
therapist needs to have empathy for patient, listen carefully, avoid getting own feelings mixed up
reflection
technique therapists use to allow clients to continue to talk and have insights without inference of therapist’s interpretations and possible biases
mirror statements
motivational interviewing
specific goals to reduce ambivalence about change and to increase intrinsic motivation to bring change about
empathy, discrepancy between bx and values, roll with resistance, support client’s self-efficacy
gestalt therapy
based on humanist
perls
problems often stem from hiding important parts of feelings from selves, experience maladjustment
very directive, lead client through experiences, attention to body language
focuses on denied past (no talk of unconscious mind)
