Learning (Classical Conditioning)

Question 1

learning

Answer 1

any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
process of memory

Question 2

maturation

Answer 2

changes like an increase in height or the size of the brain
controlled by a genetic blueprint
due to biology not experience

Question 3

pavlov

Answer 3

do dog experiment, classical conditioning, etc

Question 4

physiologist

Answer 4

a person who studies the workings of the body

Question 5

reflex

Answer 5

an unlearned, involuntary response that is not under personal control or choice

Question 6

stimulus

Answer 6

any object, event, or experience that causes a response

Question 7

response

Answer 7

the react of an organism

Question 8

pavlov dogs things

Answer 8

UCS: food
UCR: salivation
NS: metronome
CS: metronome
CR: salivation

Question 9

classical conditioning

Answer 9

learning to elicit an involuntary, reflex-like response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the response

Question 10

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 10

original, naturally occurring stimulus (leads to involuntary response)

Question 11

unconditioned response

Answer 11

the automatic and involuntary response to the unconditioned stimulus
unlearned, occurs because of genetic wiring in the nervous system

Question 12

neutral stimulus

Answer 12

a stimulus that has no effect on the response

Question 13

conditioned stimulus

Answer 13

the previously neutral stimulus
occurs when a previously neutral stimulus through repeated pairing with the unconditioned stimulus begins to cause some kind of involuntary response (learning has occurred)

Question 14

conditioned response

Answer 14

the learned response to the CS
not usually as strong as the original UCR but essentially same response
stronger if taste aversion

Question 15

acquisition

Answer 15

the repeated pairing of a NS and the UCS

organism in process of acquiring learning

Question 16

what follows UCS vs CS

Answer 16

UCR vs CR

Question 17

basic principles of classical conditioning

Answer 17

1. CS must come before UCS
2. CS and UCS must come very close together in time (ideally no more than 5 seconds apart, shorter inter stimulus intervals (ISIs) ideal for conditioning)
3. neutral stimulus but be paired with the UCS several times before conditioning can take place
4. CS usually some stimulus that is distinctive/stands out from other competing stimuli

Question 18

stimulus generalization

Answer 18

the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus

Question 19

stimulus discrimination

Answer 19

occurs when the organism learns to respond to different stimuli in different ways

Question 20

extinction

Answer 20

when the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, the CR dies out

Question 21

spontaneous recovery

Answer 21

NOT SPONTANEOUS
the conditioned response can briefly reappear when the original CS returns, although the response is usually weak and short lived

Question 22

higher-order conditioning

Answer 22

occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus
strong CS can play part of UCS and previously NS becomes second conditioned stimulus

Question 23

watson

Answer 23

little albert conditioning experiment with white rats

Question 24

little albert things

Answer 24

UCS: loud noise
UCR: crying
CS: white rat
CR: crying

Question 25

CER

Answer 25

``` conditioned emotional response learning of phobias type of classical conditioning some of easiest kinds of classical conditioning to accomplish based on waitron's work ```

Question 26

vicarious conditioning

Answer 26

to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus ex. kids getting vaccines, see others crying, cry before even get shot

Question 27

conditioned taste aversion

Answer 27

``` organisms will avoid food/drink that made them nauseous even if it only happened once sometimes CR stronger than UCR garcia used rats to show this can be used to treat alcoholics/addicts part of biological preparedness ```

Question 28

stimulus substitution

Answer 28

the process by which the CS, through its association close in time with the UCS, comes to activate the same place in the rain that was originally activate by the UCS

Question 29

rescorla

Answer 29

found that CS has to provide some kind of info about coming of UCS in order to achieve conditioning

Question 30

cognitive perspective

Answer 30

involves the mental activity of consciously expecting something to occur explanation for classical conditioning CS provides info about coming of UCS (rescorla)