Learning (Classical Conditioning) Flashcards
learning
any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
process of memory
maturation
changes like an increase in height or the size of the brain
controlled by a genetic blueprint
due to biology not experience
pavlov
do dog experiment, classical conditioning, etc
physiologist
a person who studies the workings of the body
reflex
an unlearned, involuntary response that is not under personal control or choice
stimulus
any object, event, or experience that causes a response
response
the react of an organism
pavlov dogs things
UCS: food UCR: salivation NS: metronome CS: metronome CR: salivation
classical conditioning
learning to elicit an involuntary, reflex-like response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the response
unconditioned stimulus
original, naturally occurring stimulus (leads to involuntary response)
unconditioned response
the automatic and involuntary response to the unconditioned stimulus
unlearned, occurs because of genetic wiring in the nervous system
neutral stimulus
a stimulus that has no effect on the response
conditioned stimulus
the previously neutral stimulus
occurs when a previously neutral stimulus through repeated pairing with the unconditioned stimulus begins to cause some kind of involuntary response (learning has occurred)
conditioned response
the learned response to the CS
not usually as strong as the original UCR but essentially same response
stronger if taste aversion
acquisition
the repeated pairing of a NS and the UCS
organism in process of acquiring learning
what follows UCS vs CS
UCR vs CR
basic principles of classical conditioning
- CS must come before UCS
- CS and UCS must come very close together in time (ideally no more than 5 seconds apart, shorter inter stimulus intervals (ISIs) ideal for conditioning)
- neutral stimulus but be paired with the UCS several times before conditioning can take place
- CS usually some stimulus that is distinctive/stands out from other competing stimuli
stimulus generalization
the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus
stimulus discrimination
occurs when the organism learns to respond to different stimuli in different ways
extinction
when the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, the CR dies out
spontaneous recovery
NOT SPONTANEOUS
the conditioned response can briefly reappear when the original CS returns, although the response is usually weak and short lived
higher-order conditioning
occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus
strong CS can play part of UCS and previously NS becomes second conditioned stimulus
watson
little albert conditioning experiment with white rats
little albert things
UCS: loud noise
UCR: crying
CS: white rat
CR: crying
CER
conditioned emotional response learning of phobias type of classical conditioning some of easiest kinds of classical conditioning to accomplish based on waitron's work
vicarious conditioning
to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus
ex. kids getting vaccines, see others crying, cry before even get shot
conditioned taste aversion
organisms will avoid food/drink that made them nauseous even if it only happened once sometimes CR stronger than UCR garcia used rats to show this can be used to treat alcoholics/addicts part of biological preparedness
stimulus substitution
the process by which the CS, through its association close in time with the UCS, comes to activate the same place in the rain that was originally activate by the UCS
rescorla
found that CS has to provide some kind of info about coming of UCS in order to achieve conditioning
cognitive perspective
involves the mental activity of consciously expecting something to occur
explanation for classical conditioning
CS provides info about coming of UCS (rescorla)
