Parts of Neuron Flashcards

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1
Q

axon

A

fiber attached to soma

carries messages to other cells

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2
Q

dendrite

A

part of neuron that receives messages from other cells

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3
Q

soma

A

cell body

contains nucleus and keeps entire cell alive and functioning

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4
Q

myelin sheath

A

a layer of fatty substances that wrap around the axon shafts forming an insulating and protective sheath
speeds up neural message travelling down axon

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5
Q

neurotransmitters

A

inside neurons, transmit messages

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6
Q

synaptic cleft

A

between axon terminal and dendrite of other neuron is fluid filled space
receptor sites

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7
Q

glia cells

A

structure on which neurons develop and function
hold neurons in place
get nutrients to neurons
clean up remains of dead or damaged neurons
communicate with neurons and other glial cells
provide insulation for neurons
possible role in depression and schizophrenia

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8
Q

synapse

A

space where two neurons meet

permits neuron to pass chemical signal to other neuron

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9
Q

receptor sites

A

proteins that allow only particular molecules of a certain shape to fit into it
molecules of neurotransmitter cross synaptic ago to fit into receptor sites

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10
Q

presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic neurons

A

pre is the one that’s transmitting the neurotransmitter

post is one that’s receiving neurotransmitter

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11
Q

axon terminals

A

end of axon branches out into several shorter fibers that have swellings on end
responsible for communicating with other nerve cells

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12
Q

neuron

A

specialized cell in nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system

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13
Q

terminal buttons

A

The Terminal Buttons of a neuron are the small knobs at the end of an axon that release chemicals called neurotransmitters. The terminal buttons form the Presynaptic Neuron of the synapse.

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