Disorders and Therapy 5

Question 1

consumer reports study

Answer 1

75-90% of people feel psychotherapy has helped them

longer person stays in therapy, greater improvement

Question 2

common factors approach

Answer 2

modern approach to eclecticism, focuses on factors common to successful outcomes from different forms of therapy
factors source of success not specific differenes

Question 3

therapeutic alliance

Answer 3

most important common factor of successful psychotherapy
relationship between client and therapist
should be caring, warm, accepting, empathy, mutual respect
should have protected setting to release private emotions

Question 4

common factors in therapy effectiveness

Answer 4

opportunity for catharsis (relieving pent-up emotions)
learning and practice of new bx
positive experiences

Question 5

evidence-based practice

Answer 5

systematic reviews of relevant and valid information that ranges from assessment to intervention

Question 6

evidence-based treatment

Answer 6

techniques or interventions that have produced desired outcomes or therapeutic change in controlled studies

Question 7

needed for therapy

Answer 7

therapist understands culture/background of client and can empathize with them
client continues therapy until successful outcome reached

Question 8

barriers of effective psychotherapy

Answer 8

1. culture bound values
2. class bound values
3. language
4. nonverbal communication

Question 9

culture bound values

Answer 9

differing ones can cause therapist to fail at forming empathetic relationship

Question 10

class bound values

Answer 10

clients from impoverished backgrounds may have values and experiences that therapist can’t understand

Question 11

language

Answer 11

different languages problem in understanding what saying and psychological testing

Question 12

nonverbal communication

Answer 12

differs between cultures

Question 13

cybertherapy

Answer 13

psychotherapy offered on the internet
cybertherapists
cheaper and more available but no guarantee person has credentials and therapist can’t see body language and emotion

Question 14

biomedical therapies

Answer 14

directly affect biological functioning of body and brain

drug therapy, shock therapy, surgical treatments, noninvasive stimulation techniques

Question 15

psychopharmacology

Answer 15

use of drugs to control or relieve symptoms of psychological disorder
often combined with other forms of psychotherapy

Question 16

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 16

drugs used to treat psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior
typical antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics

Question 17

typical antipsychotics

Answer 17

block dopamine receptors
prolonged use can cause problems
extrapyramidal symptoms
tardive dyskinesia

Question 18

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 18

syndrome caused by long term treatment, can persist when typical antipsychotic medications are no longer being used
facial and tongue movements or involuntary jerks

Question 19

atypical antipsychotics

Answer 19

suppress dopamine to greater degree
also block serotonin receptors, fewer negative side effects
partial dopamine agonists = affect release of dopamine rather than block it

Question 20

anti anxiety drugs

Answer 20

minor tranquilizers or benzodiazepines
sedative effect, can relieve anxiety quickly
potential for abuse

Question 21

mood-stabilizing drugs

Answer 21

lithium for bipolar

anticonvulsant drugs also used to treat mania

Question 22

antidepressant drugs

Answer 22

positive effect on mood

Question 23

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Answer 23

class of antidepressants that blocks activity of enzyme
gives time for neurotransmitters to do job
some negative side effects too

Question 24

tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 24

increase activity of serotonin and norepinephrine in nervous system by inhibiting reuptake into synaptic vesicles of neurons

Question 25

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Answer 25

drugs that inhibit the reuptake process of only serotonin

longer to produce effects but fewer side effects

Question 26

electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 26

delivery of electric shock to either one side or both sides of a person’s head, resulting in seizure or convulsion of body and release of flood of neurotransmitters in brain
immediate improvement in mood, only used in severe cases
memory affected, retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia

Question 27

psychosurgery

Answer 27

cutting into brain to remove or destroy brain tissue for purpose of receiving symptoms of mental disorders

Question 28

prefrontal lobotomy

Answer 28

connections of prefrontal cortex to other areas of brain are severed
moniz, then freeman and watts

Question 29

transorbital lobotomy

Answer 29

freeman and watts insert thing into back of eye socket and into brain to sever brain fibers

Question 30

bilateral anterior cingulotomy

Answer 30

magnetic resonance imaging used to guide electrode to specific area of brain called cingulate gyrus (connects frontal lobes to limbic system)
current through electrode, destroy part of brain cells (lesioning)