Motivation 4 Flashcards
emotion
feeling aspect of consciousness, characterized by:
a certain physical arousal
a certain behavior that reveals the feeling to the outside world
an inner awareness of the feeling
physiology of emotion
sympathetic nervous system arousal
amygdala
limbic system
associated with emotions such as fear and pleasure in humans and animals
involved in facial expressions of human emotions
fear response and determining emotions of others
ledoux
emotional stimuli travel to amygdala by fast low road (subcortical) and a slower more involved cortical high road
direct route = quick responses to stimuli that are possibly dangerous
indirect route = awareness, prefrontal cortex, can override direct route and take control of emotional response
right v left frontal lobes
right = negative feelings, identifying faces and emotions left = positive feelings, meditation, less anxiety, better immune system (if do meditation)
common ways to control emotions
distraction, reappraisal, controlling influence of emotions on decision making, etc
distraction
anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala
reappraisal
lateral orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala
darwin facial expressions
say emotions product of evolution and all humans, no matter culture, would show same facial expressions
researchers facial expressions
at least seven basic emotions
even blind kids make these faces
ekman and friesen
find people of many different cultures can consistently recognize at least seven facial expressions
anger, fear, disgust, happiness, surprise, sadness, and contempt
display rules
vary from culture to culture
learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings
different in individualistic and collectivistic cultures
different for males and females
labeling
third cognitive element of emotions
different for different cultures, happiness different for different cultures
common sense theory of emotion
feeling a particular emotion led first to a physical reaction and then to a behavioral one
james-lange theory of emotion
stimulus of some sort produces a physiological reaction
this reaction, which is arousal of fight or flight sympathetic nervous system, produces bodily sensations
physical arousal leads to labeling of emotion
but people with spinal cord injuries still have emotions
cannon-bard theory of emotion
the emotion and the physical arousal occur more or less at the same time
sensory information sent simultaneously to cortex and organs of sympathetic nervous system
fear and bodily reactions experienced at same time
vagus nerve
cranial nerve that provides feedback from sympathetic organs to cortex
makes case for cannon-bard less convincing
cognitive arousal theory (two-factor theory)
say before emotion occurs, physical arousal and labeling of arousal based on cues from surrounding environment happen at same time, lead to labeling of emotion
facial feedback hypothesis
consistent with much darwin
assumes facial expressions provide feedback to brain concerning emotion being expressed, which in turn not only intensifies emotion but also causes emotion
angry happy man
people sympathetic nervous system aroused, if see angry then label as angry, if see happy then label as happy
cognitive-mediational theory
most important aspect of any emotional experience is how person interprets or appraises the stimulus that causes the emotional reaction
cognitive appraisal mediates by coming between stimulus and emotional response to that stimulus
