The Vertebrae

Question 0

Spinous Process

Answer 0

Part of the vertebrae extending on the posterior side where muscles and ligaments attach to

Question 1

Body

Answer 1

Bony large part of the vertebrae on the anterior side

Question 2

Transverse Process

Answer 2

Part of vertebrae that extends laterally and is a point of attachment for muscles

Question 3

Lamina

Answer 3

Area between the transverse and the spinus process for attachment of the ligamenta flava

Question 4

Pedicle

Answer 4

Area between the body and the articular process and for the intervertebral foramina

Question 5

Articular Process

Answer 5

Projections that serve to link vertebrae

Question 6

Atlas

Answer 6

C1 vertebrae that has no body and no spinous process, with its function being rotation on the Axis

Question 7

Axis

Answer 7

C2 vertebrae that has the Dens (odontoid) and bifid spinous process that allows for pivotal movement

Question 8

Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 8

Bifid spinous and transverse process and C7 had a long spinous process (vertebra prominens)

Question 9

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 9

Have costal facets for articulation with ribs and they are where ribs attach

Question 10

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 10

Support the weight of the body and are thus the most massive vertebrae

Question 11

Sacral Vertebrae

Answer 11

Support weight of the body and are made up of 5 bones that eventually become fused

Question 12

How many vertebrae are there in each section?

Answer 12

Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral: 5

Question 13

What is primary curvature and where does it occur?

Answer 13

Primary curvature is concave anteriorly and occurs in the thoracic and sacral region

Question 14

What is secondary curvature and where does it occur?

Answer 14

Secondary curvature is concave posteriorly and occurs in the cervical and lumbar region

Question 15

What is anterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 15

Covers the body of the vertebrae on the anterior end

Question 16

What is posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 16

Covers the body of the vertebrae on the posterior end

Question 17

What is ligamentum flava?

Answer 17

Binds the lamina of the vertebrae

Question 19

Dura Mater

Answer 19

The tough, protective outer layer of the spinal cord and continues inferiorly as the filum terminale externum

Question 20

Pia Mater

Answer 20

Tissue closely applied to the spinal cord

Question 21

Arachnoid

Answer 21

Is a thin and delicate web-like structure that surrounds the pia mater and houses the sub-arachnoid space between the pia mater and arachnoid, which contains cerebrospinal fluid

Question 21

Cauda Equina

Answer 21

Nerve roots extending after the end of the spinal cord

Question 22

Dentate Ligaments

Answer 22

Lateral extensions of the pia mater between nerve roots

Question 23

Dorsal Root

Answer 23

Conveys sensory information

cell bodies are outside the cord in a ganglion

Question 24

Spinal Nerve

Answer 24

Where the dorsal and the ventral root come together and it divides into two main segments called the dorsal and ventral ramus, as a result, spinal nerves are mixed nerves of motor and sensory components

Question 25

Ventral Root

Answer 25

Conveys motor information with | cell bodies inside the cord

Question 27

Dorsal Rami

Answer 27

Extend posteriorly and are generally smaller than the ventral rami in size

Question 28

Ventral Rami

Answer 28

Carry sensory and motor fibres for the innervation of the muscles, joints, and skin of the lateral and ventral body walls and the extremities

Question 29

Why are there 7 cervical vertebrae but 8 cervical nerves?

Answer 29

From C1-C7, the cervical vertebrae nerves all go above their origin, but the C8 nerve is below the C7 vertebrae. Following the C8 nerve, the T1 nerves and etc all end inferior to their respective vertebrae

Question 30

Filum Terminale

Answer 30

Part of the pia mater and the cauda equina that extends to the end of the coccyx

Question 31

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there and how are they divided up?

Answer 31

``` 31 pairs total. 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal ```

Question 32

What supplies the vertebrae with blood?

Answer 32

They are supplied by small osseus branches from spinal arteries

Question 33

Describe venous drainage in the spine and how it is unique.

Answer 33

Venous drainage in the spine is extensive and communicates freely through valveless channels.

Question 34

Conus Medullaris

Answer 34

The tapered lower end of the spinal cord around L1-L2 after it ends