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Anatomy > The Arm and Forearm > Flashcards

The Arm and Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main muscles of the anterior arm?

A

Short and long head of the biceps, the coracobrachialis and the brachialis

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2
Q

What structure covers and protects the brachial artery?

A

Bicipital Aponeurosis

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3
Q

What is the difference between the long and short head of the biceps?

A

The long head has a tendon that runs to the supraglenoid tubercle while the short head originates from the coracoid process.

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4
Q

What are the main muscles of the posterior arm?

A

Triceps (Long, Lateral and Medial heads)

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5
Q

Which tricep is the least active of the three?

A

Long head. It primarily aids in extending the arm.

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6
Q

Which is the main tricep acting in general forearm extension?

A

Medial Head. It lies deep to the lateral head.

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7
Q

What is the strongest of the three tricep muscles?

A

Lateral Head. It is the strongest of the three but is usually not engaged unless put against resistance, like when doing pushups.

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8
Q

What three muscles make up the floor where the brachial artery runs?

A

Long head of tricep
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

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9
Q

What three arterial branches come off of the brachial artery?

A

Deep brachial artery
Superior ulnar collateral
Inferior ulnar collateral

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10
Q

What three nerves are associated with the brachial artery?

A

Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve

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11
Q

What three veins are associated with the brachial artery?

A

Two venae comitantes

Basilic vein

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12
Q

How is blood rerouted in your arm during flexion when the brachial artery is pinched?

A

Anastomosis where the superior and inferior ulnar collateral branches of the brachial artery. and the radial and middle collateral branches of the profunda brachii artery descend from above to reconnect on the joint capsule. Blood can be rerouted around the brachial artery for circulation

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13
Q

What are the main nerves of the arm and what sections of it do they innervate?

A

Musculocutaneous - anterior
Radial - posterior

The medial and ulnar nerves do not have any branches in the arm.

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14
Q

Injury of the musculocutaneous nerve caused what problems and what muscles does it affect?

A

It causes a great loss of flexion at the elbow, but it is not a complete loss and it affects the coracobrachialis, brachialis and the bicep.

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15
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve continue as in the arm?

A

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

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16
Q

What are the branches of the radial nerve? What does the radial nerve supply in the arm?

A

It splits into the superficial and deep radial branches. The radial nerve supplies the brachioradialis and the triceps.

17
Q

What nerve causes the shock and tingling feeling when you hit the medial side of your elbow?

A

Ulnar nerve. It runs behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus and is located very superficially, making hitting it easy.

18
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

A triangular-shaped, fat-filled depression of the anterior elbow.

(Lots of veins cross through around here)

19
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Medial nerve
Radial nerve
Tendons of the biceps
Terminal part of the brachial artery where it branches into the radial and ulnar arteries

20
Q

What forearm muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?

A 
Abductor pollicis longus
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Supinator
21
Q

What forearm muscles are innervated by the median nerve?

A 
Flexor carpi radialis
Lateral Part of Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor pollicis longus
Palmaris longus
Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres
22
Q

What forearm muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Medial Part of Flexor digitorum profundus

23
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial anterior forearm?

A 
Superficial:
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
24
Q

What are the muscles of the deep anterior forearm?

A

Deep:
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus

25
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial posterior forearm?

A 
Superficial:
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

ALL INNERVATED BY THE RADIAL NERVE

26
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior forearm?

A 
Deep:
Supinator
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Indicis

ALL INNERVATED BY THE RADIAL NERVE

27
Q

Are flexor muscles on the anterior or posterior side of the forearm?

A

Anterior

28
Q

Are extensor muscles on the anterior or posterior side of the forearm?

A

Posterior

29
Q

What forms the anatomical snuff box?

A

Abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis laterally and the extensor pollicis longus medially.

30
Q

What the landmarks in the anatomical snuff box?

A

The radial artery runs through the floor.

The superficial radial nerve runs across the roof.

31
Q

What is the major artery that comes off of the ulnar artery?

A

Common Interosseous Artery

32
Q

What are the branches of the common interosseous artery?

A

Anterior and Posterior Interosseous Artery

33
Q

What nerve innervates a majority of the muscles in the anterior forearm?

A

Median Nerve

34
Q

What are the three main veins of the upper extremity?

A

Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Median cubital vein

35
Q

What divides the arm into anterior and posterior components?

A

The lateral and medial intermuscular septum

36
Q

What is the insertion of the brachialis muscle?

A

Ulnar Tuberosity

37
Q

What nerve has the most involvement in flexion of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

38
Q

What nerve follows the humerus closely and what would injury to this nerve cause?

A

Radial nerve.

Inability to extend the wrist.

39
Q

What nerve innervates most of the anterior part of the forearm?

A

Median nerve innervates all of the muscles in the forearm except for the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus.

Anatomy (41 decks)

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