The Arm and Forearm Flashcards
What are the main muscles of the anterior arm?
Short and long head of the biceps, the coracobrachialis and the brachialis
What structure covers and protects the brachial artery?
Bicipital Aponeurosis
What is the difference between the long and short head of the biceps?
The long head has a tendon that runs to the supraglenoid tubercle while the short head originates from the coracoid process.
What are the main muscles of the posterior arm?
Triceps (Long, Lateral and Medial heads)
Which tricep is the least active of the three?
Long head. It primarily aids in extending the arm.
Which is the main tricep acting in general forearm extension?
Medial Head. It lies deep to the lateral head.
What is the strongest of the three tricep muscles?
Lateral Head. It is the strongest of the three but is usually not engaged unless put against resistance, like when doing pushups.
What three muscles make up the floor where the brachial artery runs?
Long head of tricep
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
What three arterial branches come off of the brachial artery?
Deep brachial artery
Superior ulnar collateral
Inferior ulnar collateral
What three nerves are associated with the brachial artery?
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve
What three veins are associated with the brachial artery?
Two venae comitantes
Basilic vein
How is blood rerouted in your arm during flexion when the brachial artery is pinched?
Anastomosis where the superior and inferior ulnar collateral branches of the brachial artery. and the radial and middle collateral branches of the profunda brachii artery descend from above to reconnect on the joint capsule. Blood can be rerouted around the brachial artery for circulation
What are the main nerves of the arm and what sections of it do they innervate?
Musculocutaneous - anterior
Radial - posterior
The medial and ulnar nerves do not have any branches in the arm.
Injury of the musculocutaneous nerve caused what problems and what muscles does it affect?
It causes a great loss of flexion at the elbow, but it is not a complete loss and it affects the coracobrachialis, brachialis and the bicep.
What does the musculocutaneous nerve continue as in the arm?
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
What are the branches of the radial nerve? What does the radial nerve supply in the arm?
It splits into the superficial and deep radial branches. The radial nerve supplies the brachioradialis and the triceps.
What nerve causes the shock and tingling feeling when you hit the medial side of your elbow?
Ulnar nerve. It runs behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus and is located very superficially, making hitting it easy.
What is the cubital fossa?
A triangular-shaped, fat-filled depression of the anterior elbow.
(Lots of veins cross through around here)
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
Medial nerve
Radial nerve
Tendons of the biceps
Terminal part of the brachial artery where it branches into the radial and ulnar arteries
What forearm muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?
Abductor pollicis longus Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digiti minimi Extensor digitorum Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Supinator
What forearm muscles are innervated by the median nerve?
Flexor carpi radialis Lateral Part of Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Palmaris longus Pronator quadratus Pronator teres
What forearm muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Medial Part of Flexor digitorum profundus
What are the muscles of the superficial anterior forearm?
Superficial: Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
What are the muscles of the deep anterior forearm?
Deep:
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus
