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Anatomy > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transverus Abdominis

Pyramidalis
Rectus Abdominis
Cremaster

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2
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall?

A 
Skin
Superficial Fascia
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transverse Abdominis
Transversalis Fascia
Extraperitoneal CT
Peritoneum
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3
Q

What is the superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall made up of?

A

Camper’s Fascia - fatty superficial layer

Scarpa’s Fascia - membranous deep layer

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4
Q

What does the Camper’s fascia continue as in the scrotum?

A

Dartos Muscle

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5
Q

What are the 3 anterolateral muscles of the abdomen?

A

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transverse Abdominis

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6
Q

What are the 3 midline muscles of the abdomen?

A

Rectus Abdominis
Pyramidalis
Cremaster

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7
Q

What is the function of the cremaster muscle?

A

It forms loops around the spermatic cord and functions to suspend the testes and functions in the Cremasteric reflex.

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8
Q

What is the Cremasteric reflex?

A

Stroking of the inner thigh leads to a contraction of the cremaster that pulls up the testes.

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9
Q

What is the aponeurotic sheath

formed by the fusion of the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse muscles?

A

Rectus Sheath

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10
Q

What are the contents of the rectus sheath?

A

Rectus Abdominis and Pyramidalis muscles

Superior and Inferior Epigastric arteries

Lower 6 intercostal nerves

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11
Q

What 3 lines is the rectus sheath related to?

A

Linea Alba
Arcuate Line
Linea Semilunaris

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12
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

It is a tendinous median raphe between the two rectus abdominis muscles,
formed by the fusion of the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominal muscles.

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13
Q

What is the linea semilunaris?

A

It is a curved line along the lateral border of the rectus abdominis.

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14
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

It is a crescent-shaped line marking the inferior limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath.

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15
Q

What is anterior to the arcuate line?

A

Inferior Epigastric Artery

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16
Q

External Oblique Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of 6 Inferior Thoracic Nerves

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17
Q

Internal Oblique Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of 6 Inferior Thoracic Nerves and First Lumbar Nerves

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18
Q

Transverse Abdominis Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of 6 Inferior Thoracic Nerves and First Lumbar Nerves

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19
Q

Rectus Abdominis Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of 6 Inferior Thoracic Nerves

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20
Q

Pyramidalis Innervation

A

Iliohypogastric Nerve

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21
Q

What dermatome is related with the umbilicus?

A

T10

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22
Q

What is the gubernaculum testis?

A

It is the lower part of the gubernaculum and is a mesenchymal band extend from the caudal part of testis and blends with the scrotal fascia and secures the testis to the scrotum

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23
Q

What is the processus vaginalis?

A

It is an out pouching of the peritoneum

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24
Q

What is the function of the gubernaculum?

A

The gubernaculum forms a path through the anterior abdominal wall for the processus vaginalis to follow during formation of the inguinal canal. It anchors the testis to the scrotum and guides its descent into the scrotum.

The upper part degenerates and the lower part of it becomes the gubernaculum testis.

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25
Q

What is the extension of the transversalis fascia on the spermatic cord?

A

Internal Spermatic Fascia

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26
Q

What is the extension of the internal oblique muscle on the spermatic cord?

A

Cremasteric Muscle

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27
Q

What is the extension of the external oblique aponeurosis on the spermatic cord?

A

External Spermatic Fascia

28
Q

What happens to the connecting stalk of the processes vaginalis during the perinatal period?

A

It obliterates and forms the tunica vaginalis, a serous membrane, that covers the sides of the testis.

29
Q

Describe the directionality of the fibers of the external oblique.

A

Down and medial

30
Q

Describe the directionality of the fibers of the internal oblique.

A

Up and lateral

31
Q

What is the inguinal canal and where does it begin and end?

A

It is the oblique passage in the lower part of
the anterior abdominal wall just above the
medial 1⁄2 of the inguinal ligament.

It starts at the deep inguinal ring and ends at the superficial inguinal ring.

32
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

External Oblique Aponeurosis

Internal Oblique Fibers ( lateral 1/3)

33
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A 
Transversalis Fascia
Conjoint Tendon ( medial 1/3)
34
Q

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

Arched fibers of Internal Oblique (low arched) Transversus Abdominis (high arched).

35
Q

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal Ligament

36
Q

What important structure is located in the transversals fascia in the inguinal canal?

A

Deep Inguinal Ring

37
Q

What is just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Deep Inguinal Ring

38
Q

What passes through the deep inguinal ring?

A

Spermatic Cord in males

Round Ligament in females

39
Q

What are the boundaries of the inguinal triangle?

A

Medially by the linea semilunaris (lateral edge of the rectus abdominis).

Laterally by lateral umbilical fold formed by the inferior epigastric vessels.

Inferiorly by the inguinal ligament.

40
Q

What is a common site of direct inguinal hernia?

A

Inguinal Triangle

41
Q

What are the high arching fibers of the transverse abdominis and what do they form?

A

The high arching fibers are the ones that originate from the inguinal ligament and together with the low arching fibers of the internal oblique, they form the conjoint tendon

42
Q

What is the transverse abdominis represented as in the scrotum?

A

Nothing. It is not represented in the scrotum due to the high arching fibers.

43
Q

What descends behind the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Conjoint Tendon - it works as a support to the superficial inguinal ring

44
Q

What important structure is located in the external oblique?

A

Superficial Inguinal Ring

45
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

It is the lower thickened border of the external oblique which is folded upon itself.

46
Q

What is the lacunar ligament?

A

It is a triangular posterior extension from the medial end of inguinal ligament

47
Q

What passes through the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Spermatic Cord in males
Round Ligament in females
Ilioinguinal Nerve

48
Q

How does the ilioinguinal nerve pass through the superficial inguinal canal?

A

It pierces the transversus abdominis to run and then it pierces the lower part of internal oblique and enters the canal to exit through the superficial inguinal ring

49
Q

What are the 3 coverings of the spermatic cord?

A

External spermatic fascia - from external
oblique muscle

Cremaster muscle and fascia - from internal
oblique

Internal spermatic fascia - from transversalis
fascia

50
Q

What are the 3 arteries of the spermatic cord?

A

Testicular
Cremastric
Artery of Vas Deferens

51
Q

What are the 3 veins of the spermatic cord?

A

Vas deferens
Pampiniform Venous Plexus
Vestige of Processus Vaginalis

52
Q

What are the 3 nerves of the spermatic cord?

A

Genital branch of Genitofemoral nerve

Sympathetic Plexus around the testicular
artery

Sympathetic Plexus around the artery of vas

53
Q

Which type of inguinal hernia is most common?

A

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

54
Q

Where do indirect inguinal hernias pass through?

A

They pass through the deep ring, inguinal canal and superficial ring, descending into the scrotum in males.

55
Q

Where do indirect inguinal hernias lie with respect to the inferior epigastric artery?

A

Lateral

56
Q

Which hernia is congenital?

A

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

57
Q

Where do direct inguinal hernias pass through?

A

Occurs through a weakened area of the abdominal wall muscles as the hernia pushes its way DIRECTLY through part of the inguinal triangle: the posterior wall of the inguinal canal.

Usually does not reach to the scrotum.

58
Q

Where do direct inguinal hernias lie with respect to the inferior epigastric artery?

A

Medial

59
Q

Which hernia is acquired?

A

Direct Inguinal Hernia

60
Q

What are the 5 umbilical folds in the suprapubic region?

A

Median Umbilical Fold

Medial Umbilical Folds (2) (DIFFERENT THAN MEDIAN -> note the “L”)

Lateral Umbilical Folds (2)

61
Q

What is the Median Umbilical Fold raised by?

A

Median Umbilical Ligament - remnant of the embryonic Urachus

62
Q

What are the Medial Umbilical Folds raised by?

A

Medial Umbilical Ligaments - remnant of the umbilical artery

63
Q

What are the Lateral Umbilical Folds raised by?

A

Inferior Epigastric Arteries - done on their war to the rectus sheath

64
Q

What is the inguinal triangle also known as?

A

Hesselbach Triangle

65
Q

Describe the blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall.

A

Superior Epigastric - arises from the internal thoracic
Inferior Epigastric - arises from the external iliac artery

Anastamose with each other in the rectus abdominis

Anatomy (41 decks)

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