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Anatomy > Autonomics > Flashcards

Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system involved with?

A

Rest and Digest

It is involved in calming the body down.

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2
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system involved with?

A

Fight or Flight

It is involved in exciting the body.

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3
Q

Where are the sympathetics of the nervous system found?

A

Around T1 to L2

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4
Q

Where do the parasympathetics originate from?

A

The brain and sacral cord (S2, S3, S4)

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5
Q

What cranial nerves have parasympathetics?

A

III, VII, IX and X

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6
Q

What is an easy way to find the sympathetic chains?

A

They follow blood vessels so look for blood vessels.

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7
Q

Describe sympathetic preganglion and postganglion neurons.

A

Preganglion - fibers are short and myelinated

Postganglion - fibers are long and unmyelinated

“Short Arms/Long Fingers”

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8
Q

Describe the location of sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

A

Send fibers out of the ventral root and leave the spinal nerves through white rami and enter the sympathetic trunk

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9
Q

Describe the location of sympathetic ganglionic neurons.

A

Located within the sympathetic chain ganglia or in collateral ganglia outside of the sympathetic trunk

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10
Q

Describe the location of sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

A

Leave the sympathetic trunk through gray rami and pass through the spinal nerve again before terminating on the organ

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11
Q

How do parasympathetic preganglionic fibers travel in the body?

A

They travel through cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X and through spinal nerves S2, S3 and S4 and synapse with peripheral ganglia near the effector organ.

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12
Q

How do sympathetic preganglionic fibers travel in the body? (There are four methods)

A
  1. Synapse with one or more neurons in the sympathetic trunk directly across from them
  2. Ascend or descend in the trunk before synapsing
  3. Pass through the sympathetic trunk and synapse with a collateral ganglion outside the sympathetic trunk
  4. Directly stimulate the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla.
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13
Q

Describe the location of parasympathetic ganglionic neurons.

A

They are located within peripheral ganglia

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14
Q

Describe parasympathetic preganglion and postganglion neurons.

A

Preganglionic fibers are long and myelinated.

Postganglionic fibers are short and not myelinated.

“Long Arms Short Fingers”

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15
Q

What do cholinergic fibers release?

A

Acetylcholine

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16
Q

What do adrenergic fibers release?

A

Norepinephrine

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17
Q

What do preganglionic sympathetic fibers release?

A

Acetylcholine

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18
Q

What do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers release?

A

Acetylecholine

19
Q

What do postganglionic sympathetic fibers release?

A

Norepineprhine

20
Q

What do postganglionic parasympathetic fibers release?

A

Acetylcholine

21
Q

Do sympathetic effects have dominance over parasympathetic effects or vice versa?

A

Sympathetic effects often dominate

22
Q

What are splanchnic nerves?

A

All carry sympathetic fibers except for the pelvic splanchnics (p for parasympathetic) and they are unique because they have long preganglionics, making them similar to the parasympathetics.

They are the exception as they do not synapse on the sympathetic chain.

23
Q

Where does the greater splanchnic nerve arise and where does it end?

A

It arises from the 5th - 9th thoracic sympathetic ganglia and ends in the celiac ganglion

24
Q

Where are lateral horns (IMLs) found?

A

In the thoracic region or areas with sympathetics

25
Q

What are white rami and where do they go? What are gray rami and were do they go?

A

White fibers are myelinated fibers that go IN to synapse with the sympathetic chain. Gray fibers are unmyelinated and they go OUT to effector organs.

WIGO

26
Q

Where do the white rami stop?

A

L2. No white rami below that, only gray.

27
Q

How do sympathetics reach the cervical part?

A

They travel out onto the sympathetic chain and then travel up it and follow blood vessels

28
Q

What are the main sympathetic activations in the face?

A

Dilator pupillae dilates the pupil

Tarsal muscle pulls the eyelid back and opens the eye

Sweating of the face

29
Q

What is Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Caused by a lesion in the sympathetics and is accompanied with:

  • Miosis (constriction of pupil)
  • Ptosis (droopy eyelid)
  • Anhydrosis (inability to sweat)
30
Q

What is a Pancoast tumor?

A

It affects smokers and is a tumor above the lung that interferes with the sympathetics

31
Q

What do the S2-S4 parasympathetics control?

A

Urination
Defecation
Sexual Arousal
Ejaculation

32
Q

What are the ganglia of the parasympathetics and what cranial nerve is associated with them?

A

Ciliary Ganglion - III
Pterygopalatine Ganglion - VII
Otic Ganglion - IX
Submandibular Ganglion - VII

“Cows Poop On Shoes”

33
Q

What is the function of the ciliary ganglion?

A

CN III

Pupillary Constriction

34
Q

What is the function of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

CN VII

Lacrimal Gland -> Makes you cry

35
Q

What is the function of the otic ganglion?

A

CN IX

Stimulates parotid gland

36
Q

What is the function of the submandibular ganglion?

A

CN VII

Activates salivary glands

37
Q

What parasympathetic function does CN X have?

A

Slows down the heart and speeds up digestion

38
Q

Where does the chord tympani a branch off of?

A

It is a branch off of the facial nerve (CN VII) and hitches a ride on the lingual nerve which is a branch of V-3 the mandibular part of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

39
Q

What branch of the CN VII synapses with the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

Greater Petrosal Nerve

40
Q

What branch of the CN IX synapses with the otic ganglion?

A

Lesser Petrosal Nerve

The otic ganglion the continues to the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve

41
Q

What is facial paralysis due to loss of facial nerve function called?

A

Bell’s Palsy

42
Q

What are preganglionic fibers?

A

They go from the CNS to the ganglion

43
Q

What are postganglionic fibers?

A

They go from the ganglion to the effector organ

Anatomy (41 decks)

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