Muscles Back And Abdomen

Question 1

Ilicostalis cervicis

Answer 1

Action- extends cervical spine
Origin- angles of ribs 3-6
Insertion- transverse processes of C4-6
Nerve- dorsal rami nerve C6-8

Question 2

Iliocostalis thoracis

Answer 2

action- extends vertebral column, laterally flexes
Origin- angles of ribs 7-12
Insertion- angles of ribs 1-6, transverse process of C7
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 3

Iliocostalis lumborum

Answer 3

Action- extends spine, laterally flexes
Origin- medial and lateral sacral crests, medial iliac crest
Insertion- angles of ribs 7-12
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 4

Longissimus capitis

Answer 4

Action- extends head, laterally flexes and rotates to same side
Origin- transverse processes T1-5, articular processes of C5-7
Insertion- posterior mastoid process
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 5

Longissimus cervicis

Answer 5

Action- extends; laterally flexes to same side
Origin- transverse processes T1-5
Insertion- transverse processes C2-6
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 6

Longissimus thoracis

Answer 6

Action- extends and laterally flexes to same side
Origin- transverse and spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion- transverse processes of T1-12 and angles of ribs 9-10
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 7

Spinalis cervicis

Answer 7

Action- extends neck
Origin- lower ligamentum Nuchae, spinous processes of C6 or 7
Insertion- spinous processes of axis
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 8

Spinalis thoracis

Answer 8

Action- extends back
Origin- spinous process of T11
Insertion- spinous process of T3
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 9

Multifidus

Answer 9

Action- extends back, lateral flexion and contralateral rotation
Origin- posterior sacrum, superior iliac spine, mammillary process of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion- spinous processes of vertebrae 2-4 bones above origin (not C1)
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 10

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 10

Action- extends, laterally flexes ipsilaterally, stabilizes 12th rib in breathing
Origin- medial half of posterior iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Insertion- transverse processes of L1-4 and medial half of 12th rib
Nerve- subcostal nerve and ventral rami L1-4

Question 11

Splenius capitis

Answer 11

Action- extends head, laterally flexes and rotates to same side
Origin- inferior ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T3
Insertion- superior nuchal line and mastoid process
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 12

Splenius cervicis

Answer 12

Action- extends neck, laterally flexes and rotates to same side
Origin- spinous processes of T3-6
Insertion- transverse processes of C1-3
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 13

Semispinalis capitis

Answer 13

Action- extends and rotates head to opposite side
Origin- transverse processes of C7-T6 and articulatar processes of C4-6
Insertion- between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 14

Semispinalis cervicis

Answer 14

Action- extends and laterally flexes and rotates to opposite side
Origin- transverse processes of T1-6
Insertion- spinous processes of C2-5
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 15

Semispinalis thoracis

Answer 15

Action- extends, laterally flexes and rotates to opposite side
Origin- transverse processes of T6-10
Insertion- spinous processes of T1-4 and C6-7
Nerve- dorsal rami

Question 16

Rectus capitis posterior major

Answer 16

Action- extends, rotates to same side
Origin- spinous processes of axis
Insertion- lateral portion of inferior nuchal line
Nerve- suboccipital nerve

Question 17

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Answer 17

Action- extends head
Origin- posterior tubercle of C1
Insertion- medial inferior nuchal line
Nerve- suboccipital nerve

Question 18

Obliquus capitis superior

Answer 18

Action- extends head, ipsilateral lateral flexion
Origin- transverse process of C1
Insertion- between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Nerve- suboccipital nerve

Question 19

Obliquus capitis inferior

Answer 19

Action- rotates head to same side
Origin- spinous process of C2
Insertion- transverse process of atlas
Nerve- suboccipital

Question 20

SCM

Answer 20

Action- flexes and laterally rotates cervical spine, protracts head
Origin- anterior and superior manubrium and superior medial third of clavicle
Insertion- lateral aspect of mastoid process and anterior half of superior nuchal line
Nerve- spinal accessory nerve

Question 21

Scalenus anterior

Answer 21

Action- flexion of cervical spine, lateral flexion, contralateral rotation
Origin- anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-6
Insertion- scalene tubercle and cranial crest of 1st rib
Nerve- ventral rami of C3-8

Question 22

Scalenus medius

Answer 22

Action- flexion of cervical spine, lateral flexion, contralateral rotation
Origin- posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-7
Insertion- cranial surface of 1st rib
Nerve- ventral rami of C2-8

Question 23

Scalenus posterior

Answer 23

Action- lateral flexion, contralateral rotation
Origin- posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-6
Insertion- outer surface of 2nd rib
Nerve- ventral rami of C3-8

Question 24

External oblique

Answer 24

Action- flexes vertebral column, rotates and laterally flexes torso
Origin- external surfaces of ribs 5-12
Insertion- anterior Iliac crest and linea alba
Nerve- iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

Question 25

Internal oblique

Answer 25

Action- flexes, rotates, laterally flexes vertebral column q
Origin- anterior iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament
Insertion- costal cartilage of ribs 8-12, linea alba
Nerve- iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

Question 26

Transverse abdominus

Answer 26

Action- compresses abdomen
Origin- anterior Iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament, ribs 6-12
Insertion- abdominal aponeurosis to linea
Alba, xiphoid process and pubic symphysis
Nerve- iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

Question 27

Rectus abdominus

Answer 27

Action- flexes torso
Origin- pubic crest and pubis symphysis
Insertion- ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
Nerve- 7-12 intercostal