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Anatomy > The Hand > Flashcards

The Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the carpal bones in the hand?

A

Proximal: Scaphoid lunate triquetrum pistoform
Distal: Trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate

“Some Lovers Try Positions
That They Cannot Handle”

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2
Q

What is the most common bone fracture in the hand?

A

Scaphoid. Falls on the base of the palm force the capitate into the scaphoid.

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3
Q

What is the keystone of the carpal tunnel?

A

Capitate

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4
Q

What are the metacarpal bones and how many of them are there?

A

There are 5, numbered with the thumb as 1 and the pinky as 5. They articulate with the carpal bones.

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5
Q

What are the phalanges bones and how many are there?

A

There are 14 phalange bones. They articulate with the metacarpals with 2 in the thumb and 3 in each of the fingers. (proximal/middle/distal -> no middle for the thumb)

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6
Q

Describe the cutaneous innervation of the hand.

A

Palmar: 3 and 1/2 of the first digits are innervated by the median nerve, with half of the ring finger and the whole pinky innervated by the ulnar nerve.

Dorsal: The pinky and the ring finger are innervated by the ulnar nerve with half of the tip of the ring finger innervated by the median nerve. The tips of the first 3 digits are innervated by the median nerve. The rest of the first 3 digits are innervated by the radial nerve.

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7
Q

What spinal nerve contributions innervates the thumb?

A

C6

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8
Q

What spinal nerve contributions innervates the index and middle finger?

A

C7

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9
Q

What spinal nerve contributions innervates the ring finger and pinky?

A

C8

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10
Q

There are ten structures passing through the carpal tunnel. Name them.

A

Median nerve.

4 Tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus

4 Tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

1 Tendon of the Flexor Pollicis Longus

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11
Q

What is the palmar aponeurosis?

A

A part of the hand where the deep palmar fascia is thickened and serves to protect the hand in the center of the palm.

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12
Q

Describe Dupuytren’s Contracture.

A

Abnormal bands of fibrous tissue are produced which attach to tendons and results in one of the digits being pulled to flexion and cannot be straightened.

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13
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor Retinaculum

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14
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the carpal tunnel?

A

Carpal bones

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15
Q

What is the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Caused by any lesion that results in a decrease in size of the carpal tunnel. The median nerve is the softest structure in the carpal tunnel, and therefore the most affected by any pressure changes.

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16
Q

What is the million dollar nerve?

A

The recurrent branch of the median nerve

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17
Q

What are the parts of the thenar compartment?

A

Opponens Pollicis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Brevis

18
Q

What are the parts of the hypothenar compartment?

A

Opponens Digiti Minimi
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

19
Q

What do lumbricals allow the hand to do that the flexors cannot do alone?

A

Allow for the extension of a flexed finger and let you pinch the pulp of the fingertips and not just the the tips.

20
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduction of the fingers -> 4 muscles

DABS

21
Q

What is the function of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduction of the fingers -> 3 muscles

PAD

22
Q

What is the function of the adductor pollicis muscle and where in the hand is it located?

A

It serves to adduct the thumb and is located on the palmar side of the hand.

EASILY CONFUSED WITH THE 1ST DORSAL INTEROSSEI

23
Q

What are the arterial supply arches in the hand and where do they originate?

A

Superficial palmar arch from the ulnar artery and the deep palmar arch from the radial artery.

USRD

24
Q

Where does the ulnar artery enter the hand from?

A

Via the ulnar canal (Guyon’s canal)

25
Q

How does the ulnar artery branch out in the hand?

A

It branches out into two branches: the superficial and the deep branches.

The superficial branch becomes the superficial palmar arch and it gives off two branches: the common and proper palmar digital arteries.

26
Q

How does the radial artery branch out in the hand?

A

The radial artery gives off the princeps pollicis artery supplying the medial thumb and the radial indicis to supply the lateral 2nd digit.

It will continue as the deep palmar arch.

The radial artery also anastamoses with the superficial palmar branch originating from the ulnar artery.

27
Q

What muscles does the median nerve innervate in the hand?

A

The 1st and 2nd lumbricals
Opponens Pollicis
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis

1/2 LOAF

28
Q

What muscles does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervate?

A 
Palmaris Brevis
3rd and 4th Lumbricals
Dorsal and Palmar Interossei
Adductor Pollicis
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
29
Q

What muscles in the hand does the radial nerve innervate?

A

NONE. There are no motor branches of the radial nerve in the hand.

30
Q

What artery supplies the deep palmar arch?

A

Radial Artery

31
Q

Which carpal bone articulates with the radius?

A

Scaphoid

32
Q

Which carpal bone articulates with the ulna?

A

None. The ulna does not directly articulate at the wrist.

33
Q

What is the effect of ulnar nerve palsy in the hand?

A

It results in a claw hand due to the weakness of the muscles in the hand. The weakness of the lumbricals will result in unopposed hyperextension of the extensor digitorum. The 4th and 5th digits will be hyperextended as a result.

34
Q

What is the effect of median nerve palsy in the hand?

A

It results in an ape hand as the thenar muscles are wasted and the thumb cannot be opposed. The thumb lines up with the other digits.

35
Q

What is causes the hand of benediction?

A

Caused by a median nerve palsy and results in the inability to flex the lateral 3 and 1/2 digits, therefore it is observed only when trying to clench the hand to a fist.

36
Q

What causes the wrist drop?

A

Palsy of the radial nerve. The damage usually occurs proximal to the elbow joint though.

(Can be the result of a humerus fracture as the radial nerve runs very close to the humerus)

37
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

The thenar muscles (Opponens Pollicis/
Abductor Pollicis Brevis/Flexor Pollicis Brevis)

The hypothenar muscles (Opponens Digiti Minimi/Abductor Digiti Minimi/Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis)

Dorsal and palmar interossei muscles

Lumbricals

38
Q

What can the thumb still do while affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Adduct. The adductor pollicis is innervated by the ulnar nerve.

39
Q

What is the extensor expansion?

A

It is the common hood that aids in the extension of fingers. It receives the extensor digitorum, lumbricals and interossei.

40
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A

It is a strong, fibrous band that arches over the carpus, converting the deep groove on the front of the carpal bones into the carpal tunnel, through which the flexor tendons of the digits and the median nerve pass.

Anatomy (41 decks)

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