Pharynx

Question 1

What is the pharynx?

Answer 1

A muscular tube consisting of the rigid pharyngo-basilar fascia and the three overlapped constrictor muscles that are continuous with the esophagus

Question 2

What are the external muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 2

Superior Constrictor
Middle Constrictor
Inferior Constrictor

Question 3

What are the internal muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 3

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

Question 4

Superior Constrictor Origin

Answer 4

Origin: Pterygoid Plate and Pterygomandibular Raphe

Question 5

Middle Constrictor Origin

Answer 5

Origin: Hyoid Bone and Stylohyoid Ligament

Question 6

Inferior Constrictor Origin

Answer 6

Origin: Thyroid Cartilage and Cricoid Cartilage

Question 7

Stylopharyngeus

Answer 7

Origin: Styloid Process

Insertion: Thyroid Cartilage

Innervation: Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 8

Palatopharyngeus

Answer 8

Origin: Hard Palate

Insertion: Thyroid Cartilage

Innervation: Vagus Nerve

Question 9

Salpingopharyngeus

Answer 9

Origin: Auditory Tube Cartilage

Insertion: Blends with the Palatopharyngeus to the Thyroid Cartilage

Innervation: Vagus Nerve

Question 10

Tensor Veli Palatini

Answer 10

Origin: Pterygoid Plate

Insertion: Palatine Aponeurosis

Innervation: Mandibular Nerve (V-3)

Question 11

Levator Veli Palatini

Answer 11

Origin: Temporal Bone

Insertion: Palatine Aponeurosis

Innervation: Vagus Nerve

Question 12

What muscle does the buccinator join up with?

Answer 12

It joins the superior constrictor via the pterygomandibular raphe

Question 13

What is the function of the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 13

Tenses the soft palate

Question 14

What is the function of the levator veli palatini?

Answer 14

Elevates the soft palate

Question 15

What is the function of the salpingopharyngeus?

Answer 15

Elevates pharynx and helps pressure equalize the middle ear

Question 16

What is the function of the stylopharyngeus?

Answer 16

Elevates the pharynx and larynx and aids in swallowing

Question 17

What is the function of the palatopharyngeus?

Answer 17

Pulls pharynx and larynx upward

Question 18

What is the function of the constrictor muscles?

Answer 18

Swallowing

Question 19

What type of muscle is the esophagus made up of?

Answer 19

It is made up of both smooth and skeletal muscle

Question 20

What is the general innervation of the pharynx?

Answer 20

Vagus nerve innervates everything except the stylopharyngeus (done by CN IX) and tensor veli palatini (done by V-3)

Question 21

What runs over the hyoglossus?

Answer 21

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

Question 22

What runs deep to the hyoglossus?

Answer 22

Lingual Artery

Question 23

What are the branches of the vagus nerve?

Answer 23

Superior Laryngeal Nerve
-External Laryngeal Nerve
-Internal Laryngeal Nerve
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 24

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?

Answer 24

All of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid

Question 25

What structures penetrate the thyrohyoid membrane?

Answer 25

Superior Laryngeal Artery and Internal Laryngeal Nerve

Question 26

What is the difference between the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves?

Answer 26

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs around the aorta while the right one recurs around the right subclavian artery

Question 27

Palatoglossus Innervation

Answer 27

Vagus Nerve (CN X) - It is the only glossus muscle that is not innervated by the Hypoglossus Nerve (CN XII)

Question 28

Describe the blood supply of the pharynx.

Answer 28

Ascending Pharyngeal off of the External Carotid Ascending Palatine and Tonsillar off of the Facial Descending Palatine off of the Maxillary

Question 29

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?

Answer 29

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Question 30

Where is a place where food and other foreign objects often can get stuck?

Answer 30

Piriform Recess

Question 31

Superior Constrictor Insertion

Answer 31

Insertion: Pharyngeal Raphe

Question 32

Superior Constrictor Innervation

Answer 32

Innervation: Vagus Nerve

Question 33

Middle Constrictor Insertion

Answer 33

Insertion: Pharyngeal Raphe

Question 34

Middle Constrictor Innervation

Answer 34

Innervation: Vagus Nerve

Question 35

Inferior Constrictor Insertion

Answer 35

Insertion: Pharyngeal Raphe

Question 36

Inferior Constrictor Innervation

Answer 36

Innervation: Vagus Nerve