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Anatomy > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the contents of the pelvis?

A

Rectum
Bladder
Uterus/Vagina in females
Prostate Gland in males

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2
Q

What are the ligaments of the pelvis?

A 
Pubic Symphysis
Sacroiliac Ligaments
Iliolumbar Ligaments
Sacrotuberous Ligaments
Sacrospinous Ligaments
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3
Q

What forms the floor of the pelvic cavity?

A

Pelvic Diaphragm

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4
Q

What are the components of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator Ani Muscles
Coccygeus Muscle
Pelvic Fascia

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5
Q

What are the levator ani muscles?

A

Iliococcygeus Muscle

Pubococcygeus Muscle

Puborectalis Muscle

The medial most muscles are the pubovaginalis or puboprostaticus

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6
Q

Where is the obturator internus located and what is its function?

A

Lateral pelvic wall and it functions as a lateral rotator of the thigh

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7
Q

Where is the piriformis muscle located and what is its function?

A

Posterior pelvic wall and it is a lateral rotator of the thigh and an abductor of the thigh

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8
Q

What is the urogenital diaphragm?

A

Its fibers are placed inferior to the pelvic diaphragm and are oriented in perpendicular direction to pubococcygeus muscle. It functions to provide a solid support for pelvic viscera.

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9
Q

What are the bones of the pelvis?

A

Illium
Ischium
Pubis

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10
Q

What is the pelvis major?

A

It is the “false pelvis; the lowermost part of the abdominal cavity lying between the iliac fossae.

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11
Q

What is the pelvis minor?

A

It is the “true pelvis”; inferior to the superior pelvic aperture. Contains the pelvic viscera and is below the pelvis major.

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12
Q

What does the pubic symphysis attach?

A

Joins the two pubic bones

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13
Q

What do the sacroiliac ligaments attach?

A

Iliac to sacral tuberosities

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14
Q

What do the sacrotuberous ligaments attach?

A

Lateral sacrum and coccyx to the medial side of the ischial tuberosity

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15
Q

What do the sacrospinous ligaments attach?

A

Lateral sacrum and coccyx to ischial spine

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16
Q

What do the iliolumbar ligaments attach?

A

L5 transverse process to the iliac crest

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17
Q

What are the branches of the common iliac artery in the pelvis?

A

External Iliac Artery

Internal Iliac Artery

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18
Q

Describe the sacral plexus’ location and the branches that it gives off.

A

It rests on the piriformis and represents ventral rami of S1-S4 and it also receives L4 and L5 from the lumbosacral trunk.

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19
Q

What branches does the sacral plexus give off to the pelvis and the perineum?

A 
Nerve to Piriformis
Perforating Cutaneous (S2, S3)
Pelvic Splanchnics (parasympathetics)
Pudendal Nerve
Perineal Branch of S4
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20
Q

What are the anterior division nerves of the sacral plexus?

A

Tibial Part of Sciatic
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (Nerve to Inferior Gemellus)
Nerve to Obturator Internus (Nerve to Superior Gemellus)
Medial Part of Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Pudendal Nerve

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21
Q

What are the posterior division nerves of the sacral plexus?

A 
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Common Peroneal Part of Sciatic Nerve
Lateral Part of Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Nerve to Piriformis
Perforating Cutaneous Nerve
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22
Q

What are the branches of the external iliac artery?

A

Inferior Epigastric

Deep Circumflex

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23
Q

What are the main branches of the internal iliac artery?

A

Anterior Division
Posterior Division

Anterior division is more complex in its branches

24
Q

What are the branches of the anterior division of the the internal iliac artery?

A 
Umbilical Artery
-Superior Vesicle Artery
Obturator Artery
Inferior Vesicle Artery (Vaginal and Uterine Artery in female)
Middle Rectal Artery
Inferior Gluteal Artery
Internal Pudendal Artery
25
Q

What are the branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A

Iliolumbar Artery
Lateral Sacral Artery
Superior Gluteal Artery

26
Q

Describe the superior hypogastric plexus.

A

It receives contributions from the lumbar splanchnics and its branches spill into the pelvis as the right and left hypogastric nerves.

27
Q

Describe the inferior hypogastric plexus.

A

The right and left hypogastric nerves mix with the pelvic splanchnics to form this plexus.

28
Q

Where does the rectum begin and the colon end?

A

It is called the rectum when the mesentery is lost.

29
Q

What is the blood supply of the rectum?

A

Superior Rectal Artery - upper 2/3 of the rectum and is a branch of the IMA

Middle Rectal Artery - lower 1/3 of the rectum and is a branch of the internal iliac

Inferior Rectal Artery - anastamoses with the superior rectal artery and comes from the internal pudendal artery

30
Q

What is the venous drainage of the rectum?

A

Deep to the epithelium and the superior part external to the muscular wall it drains into the superior rectal vein.

The inferior part external to the muscular wall drains into the inferior rectal vein.

31
Q

What is the nerve supply of the rectum?

A

Sympathetics: Hypogastric Plexus

Parasympathetics: Pelvic Splanchnics (S2-S4)

32
Q

What is the muscular component of the bladder?

A

Detrusor Muscle

33
Q

What is the important part about the trigone of the bladder?

A

The trigone has mesodermal origin, while everything else in the bladder has endodermal origin

34
Q

What is the nerve supply of the bladder?

A

Sympathetics: Pelvis Plexus

Parasympathetics: Pelvic Splanchnics

35
Q

Where is the prostate gland located?

A

Between the bladder and the pelvic floor

36
Q

Where does the vas deferens enter the abdomen?

A

Deep Inguinal Ring

37
Q

Describe the location of the uterus.

A

It lies between the rectum and the bladder with the rectum to the posterior and the bladder to the anterior

38
Q

What are the main differences in the male and female urethras?

A

Females have a shorter urethra and therefore are more prone to bladder infections.

39
Q

What are the main differences in the male and female pelvises?

A

The bones of the female pelvis are generally smaller, lighter and thinner than males. The cavity is also wider and shallower in females than it is in males.

40
Q

What is the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

It connects the lateral margin of the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall and serves to hold the uterus in position

41
Q

What is the blood supply of the uterus?

A

Uterine Artery

Tubal Branch of the Ovarian Artery

42
Q

Describe the location and attachments of the ovary.

A

It is located on the lateral pelvic wall and is attached to the posterior leaf of the broad ligament by the mesovarium

43
Q

What is the blood supply of the ovary?

A

Ovarian Artery

44
Q

Where does the uretine artery cross in relation to the ureter?

A

It crosses above the ureter.

“Water under the bridge”

45
Q

What runs through the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator Artery
Obturator Vein
Obturator Nerve

46
Q

What runs through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Internal Pudendal Vessels
Pudendal Nerve
Nerve to the Obturator Internus

47
Q

What runs through the greater sciatic foramen?

A 
Sciatic Nerve:
Superior Gluteal Nerve:
Inferior Gluteal Nerve:
Pudendal Nerve:
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
Nerve to Obturator Internus

Superior Gluteal Artery & Vein
Inferior Gluteal Artery & Vein
Internal Pudendal Artery & Vein

Piriformis Muscle

48
Q

Where does the vas deferens cross in relation to the ureter?

A

It crosses over it just like the uterine artery.

49
Q

What is important about the abnormal obturator artery as what could happen if it is ligated?

A

Damage of it can lead to necrosis of the tuberosity of the femur and may require a hip replacement.

50
Q

Describe the male urethra.

A

There are 3 parts:
Prostatic Urethra
Membranous Urethra
Spongy Urethra

51
Q

Review http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/
restricted/calendar_restricted/SHB/
SHB1415/Dauzvardis/terrificpelvis2015/index.html

A

Done

52
Q

Which of the pelvic bones is the one that we sit on?

A

Ischium

53
Q

What is the attachment for the inguinal ligament?

A

Pubic Tubercle

54
Q

What line separates the true and false pelvis?

A

Arcuate Line

55
Q

Where is the superior gluteal artery located?

A

Above the piriformis

Anatomy (41 decks)

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