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Anatomy > The Foot > Flashcards

The Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the main bones of the foot?

A 
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiform Bones (Medial/Intermediate/Lateral)
Calcaneus (heel)
Metatarsals
Talus (ankle)
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2
Q

What are the dermatomes of the lower extremity?

A

L4 - medial
L5 - midline
S1 - lateral

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3
Q

What is the main action of the anterior leg?

A

Dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes.

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4
Q

What is the main action of the lateral leg?

A

Eversion of the foot

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5
Q

What is the main postural muscle in the leg?

A

Soleus

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6
Q

What is the main strength muscle in the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius

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7
Q

What is the main action of the posterior leg?

A

Plantar flexion, inversion of foot and flexion of toes.

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8
Q

What is a long tendinous muscle that may be mistaken for a nerve in the superficial leg?

A

Plantaris

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9
Q

What muscles in the forearm is the plantaris analogous to?

A

Palamaris Longus

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10
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

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11
Q

What are the deep muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Popliteus

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12
Q

What cutaneous innervation does the superficial fibular nerve provide?

A

Most of the dorsum of the foot except for the tips of the toes.

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13
Q

What cutaneous innervation does the deep fibular nerve provide?

A

Sensory of a small portion between the 1st and 2nd toes

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14
Q

What cutaneous innervation does the medial plantar nerve provide?

A

The tips of the first 3 and 1/2 toes

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15
Q

What cutaneous innervation does the lateral plantar nerve provide?

A

The tips of the latter 1 and 1/2 toes

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16
Q

What covers the sole of the foot?

A

Plantar Aponeurosis

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17
Q

What is the plantar reflex?

A

Causes toes to flex as something rubs across the sole of the foot

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18
Q

What is in the first layer of the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Abductor Digiti Minimi

AFA

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19
Q

What is in the second layer of the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Quadratus Plantae
Lumbricals

Tendon of Flexor Digitorum Longus
Tendon of Flexor Hallucis Longus

2 muscles + 2 tendons

20
Q

What is in the third layer of the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Adducor Hallucis
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

FAF

21
Q

What is in the fourth layer of the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Plantar Interossei
Dorsal Interossei

Tendon of Fibularis Longus
Tendon of Tibialis Posterior

2 muscles + 2 tendons

22
Q

Where is the plane for adduction/abduction in the foot?

A

On the 2nd digit

23
Q

What are some signs of femoral nerve injury?

A

wasting of anterior thigh
leg drop (inability to extend leg when thigh is flexed)
weakness in thigh flexion
sensory loss anterior thigh and medial leg/foot

24
Q

What are some signs of obturator nerve injury?

A

wasting of medial thigh
loss of thigh adduction
sensory loss upper medial thigh

25
Q

What are some signs of superior gluteal nerve injury?

A 
Trendelenburg sign (pelvis tilts down on side opposite injury)
no sensory loss
26
Q

What are some signs of inferior gluteal nerve injury?

A

wasting of buttock
weakness in thigh extension
no sensory loss

27
Q

What are some signs of sciatic nerve injury?

A

wasting of all hamstrings and muscles of leg and foot

sensory loss to back of thigh and leg, lateral leg and plantar foot

28
Q

What are some signs of common fibular nerve injury?

A

foot-drop and loss of toe extension

sensory loss lateral leg and dorsum of foot

29
Q

What are some signs of tibial nerve injury?

A 
loss of foot and toe flexion
loss of foot inversion
wasting of calf muscles
sensory loss on sole of foot and tips of toes

30
Q

What muscles does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

31
Q

What muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate?

A

1st medial lumbrical
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Flexor Hallucis Brevis

LAFF

32
Q

What are the main arteries of the leg?

A

Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries (branches of the popliteal artery)

33
Q

Describe the pathway of the anterior tibial artery.

A

It becomes the dorsalis pedis artery at the talus. It then eventually becomes the dorsal arch in the foot. (superficial arch)

It also gives off the medial and tarsal arteries.

34
Q

Describe the pathway of the posterior tibial artery.

A

It branches into the medial and lateral plantar arteries.

35
Q

What does the medial plantar artery supply?

A

It courses medially in foot towards hallucis

36
Q

What does the lateral plantar artery supply?

A

It courses laterally distal to calcaneus to form the plantar arch. (deep) Its terminal branch anastamoses with the dorsal arch between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals.

37
Q

Name the structures anterior to the lateral malleolus.

A 
Tibialis anterior.
extensor Hallucis longus.
anterior tibial artery and vein (Vessels)
deep peroneal Nerve.
extensor Digitorum longus.
Peroneus tertius.

Tom Has Very Nice Dogs and Pigs

38
Q

Name the structures posterior to the medial malleolus.

A 
Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorum longus
posterior tibial Vessels
tibial Nerve
flexor Hallucis longus

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39
Q

Describe the superior extensor retinaculum.

A

Medially attaches to anterior tibia, laterally to anterior fibula, proximal to the malleoli. Binds down the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius muscles.

40
Q

Describe the inferior extensor retinaculum.

A

Y shaped band; the base of the Y attaches to the lateral calcaneous and the proximal band attaches to the medial malleolus and the distal band blends with the plantar aponeurosis on the medial side; forms a strong loop around the fibularis tertius and extensor digitorum longus muslces.

41
Q

Where does the medial malleolus form?

A

The lower extremity of the tibia

42
Q

Where does the lateral malleolus form?

A

The lower extremity of the fibula

43
Q

Describe the flexor retinaculum.

A

Extends from the tip of the medial malleolus to the medial process of the calcaneous; binds tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus muscles.

44
Q

What do the attachments of the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis all form?

A

Calcaneous Tendon (Achilles)

45
Q

What muscle has a tendon that wraps around the lateral side of the foot and almost goes all the way up to the big toe?

A

Fibularis Longus

Anatomy (41 decks)

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