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Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Name all of the cranial nerves.

A

Olfactory

Optic

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Trigeminal

Abducens

Facial

Auditory

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Spinal Accessory

Hypoglossal

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory Nerve - sense of smell

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3
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic Nerve

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor Nerve

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigerminal Nerve - facial sensation

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens Nerve

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial Nerve

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharygeal Nerve

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus Nerve

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve

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13
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

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14
Q

What are afferent nerves?

A

Sensory. They carry information from receptors to the spinal cord.

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15
Q

What are efferent nerves?

A

Motor. They carry information from the spinal cord to muscles.

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16
Q

What are general somatic efferens?

A

GSE are motor to voluntary muscles

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17
Q

What are general somatic afferens?

A

GSA take sensation from skin/muscle/joints

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18
Q

What are general visceral efferens?

A

GVE are motor to smooth muscle and glands

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19
Q

What are general visceral afferens?

A

GVA take sensation from internal organs

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20
Q

What are special visceral efferens?

A

SVE are voluntary motor to the pharyngeal arch

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21
Q

What are special visceral afferens?

A

SVA taste and smell

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22
Q

What are special somatic afferens?

A

SSA vison, hearing and balance

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23
Q

Describe the sensory and motor components of each cranial nerve.

A

I. Sensory

II. Sensory

III. Motor

IV. Motor

V. Both

VI. Motor

VII. Both

VIII. Sensory

IX. Both

X. Both

XI. Motor

XII. Motor

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24
Q

What is the parasympathetic component?

A

GVE

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25
Q

What foramen does the olfactory nerve (CN I) go through?

A

Cribriform Plate

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26
Q

What are the components and functions of the olfactory nerve?

A

SVA - Smell

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27
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the olfactory nerve (CN I)?

A

Olfactory Nasal Mucosa

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28
Q

What is the route of the olfactory nerve (CN I)?

A

Cribriform Plate -> Olfactory Bulb -> Olfactory Tract

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29
Q

What foramen does the optic nerve (CN II) go through?

A

Optic Foramen (Optic Canal)

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30
Q

What are the components and function of the optic nerve (CN II)?

A

SSA - Vision

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31
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the optic nerve (CN II)?

A

Retina

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32
Q

What is the route of the optic nerve (CN II)?

A

Optic Foramen -> Optic Chiasm -> Optic Tract

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33
Q

What foramen does the oculomotor nerve (CN III) go through?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

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34
Q

What are the components and function of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?

A

GVE - parasympathetics

GSE - motor

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35
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?

A

GVE - Sphincter Pupillae and Cilliary Muscle via the Cilliary Ganglion

GSE - Superior Rectus, Medial Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique and Levator Palpebrae

GSE does all EXCEPT Inferior Rectus and Superior Oblique

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36
Q

What is the route of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?

A

Brainstem -> Cavernous Sinus -> Superior Orbital Fissure -> Orbit

37
Q

What foramen does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) go through?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

38
Q

What are the components and function of the trochlear nerve (CN IV)?

A

GSE - purely motor of the Superior Oblique

39
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN IV)?

A

Superior Oblique muscle

40
Q

What are some unique features of the trochlear nerve?

A

Longest intracranial course

Only nerve that exits from the dorsal surface of the brain

Has the smallest number of axons

41
Q

What is the route of the trochlear nerve (CN IV)?

A

Posterior Brainstem -> Cavernous Sinus -> Superior Orbital Fissure -> Orbit

42
Q

What foramen does the trigeminal nerve (CN V) go through?

A

V1 - Superior Orbital Fissure

V2 - Foramen Rotundum

V3 - Foramen Ovale

43
Q

What are the components and function of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

A

GSA -sensory component

V1 - upper face

V2 - middle face

V3 - lower face and jaw with anterior 2/3 of tongue

SVE - motor for the 1st pharyngeal arch muscles

44
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

A

Opthalmic V1 - sensory to upper orbit and above

Maxillary V2 - sensory to skin of mid face, upper teeth and nasal and palatal mucosa

Mandibular V3 - sensory to lower face and jaw and the anterior 2/3 of tongue and the lower teeth, ear pinna and canal

  • motor to the muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani and tensor palatani
45
Q

What is the route of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

A

V1 -> Superior Orbital Fissure -> Nasocilliary/Frontal/Lacrimal

V2 -> Foramen Rotundum -> Superior Alveolar/Infraorbital (there are others but not as important)

V3 -> Foramen Ovale -> Auriculotemporal/Lingual/(Inferior Alveolar-> Mental)

NOTE: Inferior Alveolar goes INTO the mandible and emerges as the mental nerve.

Lingual goes UNDER mandible to the tongue

46
Q

What foramen does the abducens nerve (CN VI) go through?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

47
Q

What are the components and function of the abducens nerve (CN VI)?

A

GSE - motor of the Lateral Rectus

48
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the abducens nerve (CN VI)?

A

Lateral Rectus

49
Q

What is the route of the abducens nerve (CN VI)?

A

Brainstem -> Cavernous Sinus -> Superior Orbital Fissure -> Orbit

50
Q

What foramen does the facial nerve (CN VII) go through?

A

Internal Auditory Meatus

51
Q

What are the components and function of the facial nerve (CN VII)?

A

GVA

SVA (lingual nerve/chorda tympani)

GSA

GVE

SVE

52
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)?

A

GVA - sensory of the soft palate

SVA - anterior 2/3 of taste buds on tongue

GSA - sensory from ear pinna

GVE - motor to submandibular, lacrimal, and nasal mucosa glands

SVE - motor to muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, sylohyoid and stapedius

53
Q

What nerve branches of the facial nerve have a GVE component?

A

Greater Petrosal Nerves

Lingual Nerve

Chorda Tympani

54
Q

What is the largest component of the facial nerve?

A

SVE

55
Q

What branches of the facial nerve have the SVE component?

A

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

(Innervates all the 2nd pharygeal arch muscles)

56
Q

What is the route of the facial nerve (CN VII)?

A

Enters skull at Internal Auditory Meatus -> Exits at Stylomastoid Foramen

57
Q

What foramen does the auditory nerve (CN VIII) go through?

A

Internal Auditory Meatus

58
Q

What are the components and function of the auditory nerve (CN VIII)?

A

SSA - hearing and balance

59
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the auditory nerve (CN VIII)?

A

Organ of Corti in cochlear duct

Semicircular Canals, Utricle, Saccule

60
Q

What is the route of the auditory nerve (CN VIII)?

A

Organ of Corti -> Spiral Ganglion -> Cochlear Nerve -> Internal Acoustic Meatus

Utricle/Saccule and Semicircular Canals -> Vestibular Ganglion -> Vestibular Nerve -> Internal Acoustic Meatus

61
Q

What foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) go through?

A

Jugular Foramen

62
Q

What are the components and function of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

A

GVA

SVA

GSA

GVE

SVE

63
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

A

GVA - sensory for the posterior tongue, soft palate, pharynx, mucosa of tympani cavity, posterior auditory tube, carotid body and sinus

SVA - taste buds on posterior 1/3 of tongue

GSA - sensation from ear pinna and canal

GVE - parotid salivatory

SVE - stylopharyngeus muscle

64
Q

What are the nerve involvments in the GVE component of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal uses

Lesser petrosal nerve to the

Otic ganglion then the

Auriculotemporal to the

Parotid gland

GLOAP

65
Q

What is the route of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

A

All of the components are essentially direct except for the parotid, which follows GLOAP

66
Q

What foramen does the vagus nerve (CN X) go through?

A

Jugular Foramen

67
Q

What are the components and function of the vagus nerve (CN X)?

A

GVA

SVA

GSA

GVE

SVE

68
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)?

A

GVA - sensory from pharynx, esophagus, trachea, larynx and abdominal viscera

SVA - taste buds in glottis and epiglottis

GSA - sesnory to ear pinna, canal and tympanum

GVE - thoracic and abdominal vicera

SVE - muscles of pharynx and larynx and levator palatini and cricothyroid

69
Q

What is the route of the vagus nerve (CN X)?

A

Goes directly to the sites of innervation. It “wanders” into the thorax and the abdomen.

70
Q

What foramen does the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) go through?

A

Foramen Magnum and Jugular Foramen

71
Q

What are the components and function of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?

A

SVE

72
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

73
Q

What is the route of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?

A

Brainstem -> Jugular Foramen

C1-C5 Roots -> Foramen Magnum

74
Q

What foramen does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) go through?

A

Hypoglossal Canal

75
Q

What are the components and function of the hypoglossal nerve (XII)?

A

GSE

76
Q

What is the main structure innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

77
Q

What is the route of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?

A

Brainstem -> Hypoglossal Canal

78
Q

What are the pharyngeal arch muscles?

A

1st Arch: Muscles of mastication, anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

2nd Arch: Muscles of facial expression, buccinator,platysma, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric

3rd Arch: Stylopharyngeus

4th Arch: Cricothyroid muscle, all intrinsic muscles of soft palate (including levator veli palatini) except tensor veli palatini

6th Arch: All intrinsic muscles of larynx except thecricothyroid muscle

79
Q

Why is there no 5th pharyngeal arch?

A

There is, but in humans the fifth arch exists only transiently during embryologic growth and development and no structures develop from it.

80
Q

Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic function?

A

III, VII, IX and X

81
Q

Which nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?

A

III, IV, V-1 and VI

82
Q

What nerves go through the internal auditory meatus?

A

VII and VIII

83
Q

What goes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

84
Q

What nerves go through the jugular foramen?

A

IX, X and XI

85
Q

What nerve helps to see?

A

II

86
Q

What nerve helps to focus vision?

A

III

87
Q

What nerve allows you to force your eyes closed?

A

VII

88
Q

What nerves move the eyes?

A

III, IV, VI

Anatomy (41 decks)

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