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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Name all of the cranial nerves.

A

Olfactory

Optic

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Trigeminal

Abducens

Facial

Auditory

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Spinal Accessory

Hypoglossal

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory Nerve - sense of smell

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3
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic Nerve

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor Nerve

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigerminal Nerve - facial sensation

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens Nerve

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial Nerve

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharygeal Nerve

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus Nerve

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve

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13
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

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14
Q

What are afferent nerves?

A

Sensory. They carry information from receptors to the spinal cord.

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15
Q

What are efferent nerves?

A

Motor. They carry information from the spinal cord to muscles.

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16
Q

What are general somatic efferens?

A

GSE are motor to voluntary muscles

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17
Q

What are general somatic afferens?

A

GSA take sensation from skin/muscle/joints

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18
Q

What are general visceral efferens?

A

GVE are motor to smooth muscle and glands

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19
Q

What are general visceral afferens?

A

GVA take sensation from internal organs

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20
Q

What are special visceral efferens?

A

SVE are voluntary motor to the pharyngeal arch

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21
Q

What are special visceral afferens?

A

SVA taste and smell

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22
Q

What are special somatic afferens?

A

SSA vison, hearing and balance

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23
Q

Describe the sensory and motor components of each cranial nerve.

A

I. Sensory

II. Sensory

III. Motor

IV. Motor

V. Both

VI. Motor

VII. Both

VIII. Sensory

IX. Both

X. Both

XI. Motor

XII. Motor

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24
Q

What is the parasympathetic component?

A

GVE

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25
What foramen does the olfactory nerve (CN I) go through?
Cribriform Plate
26
What are the components and functions of the olfactory nerve?
SVA - Smell
27
What is the main structure innervated by the olfactory nerve (CN I)?
Olfactory Nasal Mucosa
28
What is the route of the olfactory nerve (CN I)?
Cribriform Plate -\> Olfactory Bulb -\> Olfactory Tract
29
What foramen does the optic nerve (CN II) go through?
Optic Foramen (Optic Canal)
30
What are the components and function of the optic nerve (CN II)?
SSA - Vision
31
What is the main structure innervated by the optic nerve (CN II)?
Retina
32
What is the route of the optic nerve (CN II)?
Optic Foramen -\> Optic Chiasm -\> Optic Tract
33
What foramen does the oculomotor nerve (CN III) go through?
Superior Orbital Fissure
34
What are the components and function of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?
GVE - parasympathetics GSE - motor
35
What is the main structure innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?
GVE - Sphincter Pupillae and Cilliary Muscle via the Cilliary Ganglion GSE - Superior Rectus, Medial Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique and Levator Palpebrae GSE does all EXCEPT Inferior Rectus and Superior Oblique
36
What is the route of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?
Brainstem -\> Cavernous Sinus -\> Superior Orbital Fissure -\> Orbit
37
What foramen does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) go through?
Superior Orbital Fissure
38
What are the components and function of the trochlear nerve (CN IV)?
GSE - purely motor of the Superior Oblique
39
What is the main structure innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN IV)?
Superior Oblique muscle
40
What are some unique features of the trochlear nerve?
Longest intracranial course Only nerve that exits from the dorsal surface of the brain Has the smallest number of axons
41
What is the route of the trochlear nerve (CN IV)?
Posterior Brainstem -\> Cavernous Sinus -\> Superior Orbital Fissure -\> Orbit
42
What foramen does the trigeminal nerve (CN V) go through?
V1 - Superior Orbital Fissure V2 - Foramen Rotundum V3 - Foramen Ovale
43
What are the components and function of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
GSA -sensory component V1 - upper face V2 - middle face V3 - lower face and jaw with anterior 2/3 of tongue SVE - motor for the 1st pharyngeal arch muscles
44
What is the main structure innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
Opthalmic V1 - sensory to upper orbit and above Maxillary V2 - sensory to skin of mid face, upper teeth and nasal and palatal mucosa Mandibular V3 - sensory to lower face and jaw and the anterior 2/3 of tongue and the lower teeth, ear pinna and canal - motor to the muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani and tensor palatani
45
What is the route of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
V1 -\> Superior Orbital Fissure -\> Nasocilliary/Frontal/Lacrimal V2 -\> Foramen Rotundum -\> Superior Alveolar/Infraorbital (there are others but not as important) V3 -\> Foramen Ovale -\> Auriculotemporal/Lingual/(Inferior Alveolar-\> Mental) NOTE: Inferior Alveolar goes INTO the mandible and emerges as the mental nerve. Lingual goes UNDER mandible to the tongue
46
What foramen does the abducens nerve (CN VI) go through?
Superior Orbital Fissure
47
What are the components and function of the abducens nerve (CN VI)?
GSE - motor of the Lateral Rectus
48
What is the main structure innervated by the abducens nerve (CN VI)?
Lateral Rectus
49
What is the route of the abducens nerve (CN VI)?
Brainstem -\> Cavernous Sinus -\> Superior Orbital Fissure -\> Orbit
50
What foramen does the facial nerve (CN VII) go through?
Internal Auditory Meatus
51
What are the components and function of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
GVA SVA (lingual nerve/chorda tympani) GSA GVE SVE
52
What is the main structure innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)?
GVA - sensory of the soft palate SVA - anterior 2/3 of taste buds on tongue GSA - sensory from ear pinna GVE - motor to submandibular, lacrimal, and nasal mucosa glands SVE - motor to muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, sylohyoid and stapedius
53
What nerve branches of the facial nerve have a GVE component?
Greater Petrosal Nerves Lingual Nerve Chorda Tympani
54
What is the largest component of the facial nerve?
SVE
55
What branches of the facial nerve have the SVE component?
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical (Innervates all the 2nd pharygeal arch muscles)
56
What is the route of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
Enters skull at Internal Auditory Meatus -\> Exits at Stylomastoid Foramen
57
What foramen does the auditory nerve (CN VIII) go through?
Internal Auditory Meatus
58
What are the components and function of the auditory nerve (CN VIII)?
SSA - hearing and balance
59
What is the main structure innervated by the auditory nerve (CN VIII)?
Organ of Corti in cochlear duct Semicircular Canals, Utricle, Saccule
60
What is the route of the auditory nerve (CN VIII)?
Organ of Corti -\> Spiral Ganglion -\> Cochlear Nerve -\> Internal Acoustic Meatus Utricle/Saccule and Semicircular Canals -\> Vestibular Ganglion -\> Vestibular Nerve -\> Internal Acoustic Meatus
61
What foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) go through?
Jugular Foramen
62
What are the components and function of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?
GVA SVA GSA GVE SVE
63
What is the main structure innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?
GVA - sensory for the posterior tongue, soft palate, pharynx, mucosa of tympani cavity, posterior auditory tube, carotid body and sinus SVA - taste buds on posterior 1/3 of tongue GSA - sensation from ear pinna and canal GVE - parotid salivatory SVE - stylopharyngeus muscle
64
What are the nerve involvments in the GVE component of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Glossopharyngeal uses Lesser petrosal nerve to the Otic ganglion then the Auriculotemporal to the Parotid gland GLOAP
65
What is the route of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?
All of the components are essentially direct except for the parotid, which follows GLOAP
66
What foramen does the vagus nerve (CN X) go through?
Jugular Foramen
67
What are the components and function of the vagus nerve (CN X)?
GVA SVA GSA GVE SVE
68
What is the main structure innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)?
GVA - sensory from pharynx, esophagus, trachea, larynx and abdominal viscera SVA - taste buds in glottis and epiglottis GSA - sesnory to ear pinna, canal and tympanum GVE - thoracic and abdominal vicera SVE - muscles of pharynx and larynx and levator palatini and cricothyroid
69
What is the route of the vagus nerve (CN X)?
Goes directly to the sites of innervation. It "wanders" into the thorax and the abdomen.
70
What foramen does the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) go through?
Foramen Magnum and Jugular Foramen
71
What are the components and function of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?
SVE
72
What is the main structure innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?
Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius
73
What is the route of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?
Brainstem -\> Jugular Foramen C1-C5 Roots -\> Foramen Magnum
74
What foramen does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) go through?
Hypoglossal Canal
75
What are the components and function of the hypoglossal nerve (XII)?
GSE
76
What is the main structure innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
77
What is the route of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?
Brainstem -\> Hypoglossal Canal
78
What are the pharyngeal arch muscles?
1st Arch: Muscles of mastication, anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini 2nd Arch: Muscles of facial expression, buccinator,platysma, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric 3rd Arch: Stylopharyngeus 4th Arch: Cricothyroid muscle, all intrinsic muscles of soft palate (including levator veli palatini) except tensor veli palatini 6th Arch: All intrinsic muscles of larynx except thecricothyroid muscle
79
Why is there no 5th pharyngeal arch?
There is, but in humans the fifth arch exists only transiently during embryologic growth and development and no structures develop from it.
80
Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic function?
III, VII, IX and X
81
Which nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?
III, IV, V-1 and VI
82
What nerves go through the internal auditory meatus?
VII and VIII
83
What goes through the foramen spinosum?
Middle Meningeal Artery
84
What nerves go through the jugular foramen?
IX, X and XI
85
What nerve helps to see?
II
86
What nerve helps to focus vision?
III
87
What nerve allows you to force your eyes closed?
VII
88
What nerves move the eyes?
III, IV, VI

Anatomy (41 decks)

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