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Anatomy > Respiratory System and Posterior Mediastinum > Flashcards

Respiratory System and Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the trachea divide?

A

At the sternal angle anteriorly and T4-T5 posteriorly

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2
Q

Describe the unique features of the right bronchi.

A

It is shorter, larger and more vertical than the left bronchi.

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3
Q

Describe the unique features of the left bronchi.

A

It is longer, smaller and more horizontal than the right bronchi.

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4
Q

What are some branches of the right bronchi?

A

Eparterial Bronchus

Hyparterial Bronchus

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5
Q

What is the hilum of the lung?

A

The hilum is used interchangeably with the root of the lung and it is where the lung is attached to the trachea and the heart.

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6
Q

Describe the left lung and its differences compared to the right lung.

A

The left lung has two lobes: inferior and superior, separated by the oblique fissure.

It also has the lingula, which is not present in the right lung.

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7
Q

Describe the right lung and its differences compared to the left lung.

A

The right lung has three lobes: inferior, middle and superior, separated by the oblique and horizontal fissures.

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8
Q

Describe the hilum of the left lung.

A

The pulmonary arteries lie superior to the bronchus and the pulmonary veins.

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9
Q

Describe the hilum of the right lung.

A

The eparterial bronchus and the pulmonary arteries lie at approximately the same level.

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10
Q

Where does the apex of the lung extend?

A

It extends into the apex of the neck, which is why neck injuries can affect the lung.

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11
Q

Where does the cardiac notch lie?

A

It lies around the junction of the 4th rib cartilage.

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12
Q

Where do the oblique fissures lie?

A

Around the 6th rib

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13
Q

Where does the horizontal fissure lie?

A

Around the 4th rib

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14
Q

What is the function of the bronchial arteries?

A

They supply the lung with oxygenated blood

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15
Q

Describe the innervation of the lungs.

A

Vagus nerve provides both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.

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16
Q

Describe respiration in adults.

A

The diaphragm moves down and the upper thoracic wall moves anteriorly while the lower thoracic wall moves laterally.

17
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A

It is located at the root of the lung and is a double layer of parietal membrane that serves to hold the lower part of the lungs in position

18
Q

Which pleura covers the surface of the lung?

A

Visceral Pleura

19
Q

Which pleura lines the surface of the thoracic wall?

A

Parietal Pleura

20
Q

What are the sections of the parietal pleura?

A

Cupola
Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic

21
Q

What is the cupola?

A

It is part of the parietal pleura that covers the apex of the lungs.

22
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

It extends from the 8th to the 10th rib on the mid-axillary line and is a space in the pleural cavity, at the posteriormost tips of the cavity, located at the junction of the costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura.

23
Q

What is the costomediastinal recess?

A

It is a a potential space at the border of the mediastinal pleura and the costal pleura and it helps the lungs expand during deep inspiration.

24
Q

What are the three structures that go through the diaphragm and where do they pass?

A

Inferior Vena Cava at T8
Esophagus at T10
Aorta at 12

25
Q

What suspends the cupola?

A

Sibson’s Fascia

26
Q

What are the surface projections of the visceral pleura?

A 
Rib 2 - reaches midline
Rib 4 - cardiac notch (left)
Rib 6 - mid-clavicular line
Rib 8 - mid-axillary line
Rib 10 - posteriorly
27
Q

What are the surface projections of the parietal pleura?

A 
Rib 2 - reaches midline
Rib 4 - bare area
Rib 6 - reflects along costal arch
Rib 8 - mid-clavicular line
Rib 10 - mid-axillary line
Rib 12 - posteriorly
28
Q

Where does the trachea begin?

A

Cricoid Cartilage (C6)

29
Q

What is located at the bifurcation of the trachea?

A

Carina - cartilaginous ridge

30
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lungs?

A

It is from pulmonary nodes to tracheobronchial nodes to bronchomediastinal trunks

31
Q

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

A 
Descending Aorta
Azygos and Hemiazygos Veins
Esophagus
Vagus Nerve
Thoracic Duct
Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves
32
Q

Where does the azygos vein drain to?

A

Superior Vena Cava

33
Q

Where does the hemiazygos vein drain to?

A

Azygos Vein -> Superior Vena Cava

Anatomy (41 decks)

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