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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > The Skin > Flashcards

The Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skin

A

protection, temperature maintenance, sensory reception

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2
Q

How many layers does the skin have

A

3

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3
Q

What are the three layers of the skin

A

dermis, epidermis, hypodermis

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4
Q

What are the accessory structures in the skin

A

glands, hair, nails

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5
Q

What are the two types of skin

A

thick, thin

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6
Q

How many layers in thick skin

A

5

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7
Q

How many layers in thin skin

A

4

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8
Q

Where is thick skin found

A

palms, feet

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9
Q

Describe the epidermis

A

stratified, squamous, keratinised epithelium

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10
Q

Where are keratinocytes born

A

lower layer of epidermis

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11
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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12
Q

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis

A

stratum basale

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13
Q

What is the stratum basale anchored onto

A

basement membrane

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14
Q

What separates stratum basale from underlying dermis

A

basement membrane

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15
Q

What is the main cell type in stratum basale

A

keratinocytes

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16
Q

What cell types are located in the stratum basale

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells

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17
Q

Describe the keratinocytes in stratum basale

A

highly proliferative

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18
Q

What do melanocytes produce

A

melanin pigment

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19
Q

What are the two types of melanin

A

eumelanin, pheomelanin

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20
Q

What is the thickest layer of epidermis

A

stratum spinosum

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21
Q

Describe the keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum

A

flattened shape, produce keratin, detached from BM

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22
Q

What are the two cell types in stratum spinosum

A

keratinocytes, dendritic cells - langerhans

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23
Q

What is the function of langerhans - dendritic cells

A

fight infection

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24
Q

What is the last layer of epidermis to have live cells

A

stratum granulosum

25
Q

What is present in the stratum granulosum

A

glycolipids, keratinocytes

26
Q

What is the function of glycolipids in stratum granulosum

A

water resistant layer

27
Q

Describe the keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum

A

post-mitotic

28
Q

What does keratin form in stratum granulosum

A

durable filaments - elasticity

29
Q

What does stratum lucidum only exist in

A

thick skin

30
Q

What is the appearance of stratum lucidum

A

translucent

31
Q

What is the most superficial layer of skin

A

stratum corneum

32
Q

Describe the composition of the stratum corneum

A

high lipid content, dead cells

33
Q

How do keratinocytes migrate

A

travel upwards, die in most superficial layer

34
Q

What do keratinocytes produce

A

keratin

35
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis

A

papillary layer, reticular layer

36
Q

TRUE or FALSE - the dermis has a regular shape

A

FALSE

37
Q

How is the dermis attached to the epidermis

A

anchored through papillary layer

38
Q

Describe the papillary layer

A

superficial, in contact with epidermis

39
Q

What is the papillary layer made of

A

connective tissue

40
Q

Describe the reticular layer

A

irregular

41
Q

What is the reticular layer made of

A

dense connective tissue rich in collagen

42
Q

What is the function of the reticular layer

A

protects internal organs

43
Q

What does the reticular layer contain

A

accessory structures, blood vessels, muscles, sensory nerves

44
Q

What is the deepest layer of the skin

A

hypodermis

45
Q

What does the hypodermis consist of

A

fat cells - adipocytes

46
Q

What is the function of the hypodermis

A

protect against heat loss

47
Q

What are some cutaneous glands

A

mammary glands, ceruminous glands, sweat glands

48
Q

What causes acne

A

excess sebum

49
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands

A

apocrine, merocrine

50
Q

Where are apocrine glands present

A

armpits

51
Q

What is the function of apocrine glands

A

secrete sweat

52
Q

Describe the merocrine glands

A

have a duct that directly secretes into the skin

53
Q

What are the functions of the merocrine glands

A

responsible for perspiration, thermoregulation

54
Q

What are the functions of the skin as a barrier

A

prevents infection and entry, biochemical barrier, immunological barrier

55
Q

How is vitamin D3 made

A

sun

56
Q

What is required for synthesis of provitamin D3

A

UV

57
Q

Where does provitamin D3 travel to

A

liver

58
Q

What does vitamin D3 act as

A

transcription factor

59
Q

What is the function of vitamin D3

A

anti-tumour proliferation, blocks proliferation

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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