Intro Flashcards
Describe homeostasis
maintains a steady state of the body
What is milieu interieur
environment where tissues and cells live
What is the internal environment
extracellular fluid
Example of negative feedback loop
thermoregulation, blood sugar regulation
Effect of negative feedback loop
reverses change to maintain normal value
Effect of positive feedback loop
enhances original stimulus
Example of positive feedback loop
child birth
Components of a feedback loop
receptors, control centre, output, effector
What is an agonist
reacts with receptor - initiates physiological response
What is an antagonist
interferes or inhibits physiological action of another substance
What is a ligand
molecule that binds to another molecule
What is a drug
chemical substance of known structure - biological effect
What is a biological
genetically engineered proteins and monoclonal antibodies
How can biologicals be produced
recombinant DNA
What do opioids bind to?
opioid receptors -MORs
What is a side effect of opioids
respiratory depression
Who discovered penicillin
Florey
Describe the first generation of biopharmaceuticals
copies of endogenous proteins
What produced first generation biopharmaceuticals
recombinant DNA technology
Example of first generation biopharmaceutical
insulin
Describe second generation biopharmaceuticals
engineered to improve effectiveness
What are macromolecules
proteins
What is the normal function of macromolecules
recognition sites for neurotransmitters and hormones
What did Langley discover
pilocarpine
What type of receptor does pilocarpine bind
Muscarinic GPCRs
TRUE or FALSE - pilocarpine is an agonist
TRUE
What is pilocarpine antagonist
atropine
What is the effect of pilocarpine
slows HR, increases saliva secretion
What does atropine tagret
GPCRs on salivary cells
Which drugs affect nicotinic receptors
nicotine, curare
What type of drug is nicotine?
agonist
What type of drug is curare?
antagonist
What is the effect of nicotine
muscle contraction
What does curare target?
nicotinic ACh receptors on skeletal muscle
What curare inhibit binding of?
ACh or nicotine to receptors
