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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Describe homeostasis

A

maintains a steady state of the body

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2
Q

What is milieu interieur

A

environment where tissues and cells live

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3
Q

What is the internal environment

A

extracellular fluid

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4
Q

Example of negative feedback loop

A

thermoregulation, blood sugar regulation

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5
Q

Effect of negative feedback loop

A

reverses change to maintain normal value

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6
Q

Effect of positive feedback loop

A

enhances original stimulus

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7
Q

Example of positive feedback loop

A

child birth

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8
Q

Components of a feedback loop

A

receptors, control centre, output, effector

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9
Q

What is an agonist

A

reacts with receptor - initiates physiological response

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10
Q

What is an antagonist

A

interferes or inhibits physiological action of another substance

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11
Q

What is a ligand

A

molecule that binds to another molecule

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12
Q

What is a drug

A

chemical substance of known structure - biological effect

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13
Q

What is a biological

A

genetically engineered proteins and monoclonal antibodies

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14
Q

How can biologicals be produced

A

recombinant DNA

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15
Q

What do opioids bind to?

A

opioid receptors -MORs

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16
Q

What is a side effect of opioids

A

respiratory depression

17
Q

Who discovered penicillin

A

Florey

18
Q

Describe the first generation of biopharmaceuticals

A

copies of endogenous proteins

19
Q

What produced first generation biopharmaceuticals

A

recombinant DNA technology

20
Q

Example of first generation biopharmaceutical

A

insulin

21
Q

Describe second generation biopharmaceuticals

A

engineered to improve effectiveness

22
Q

What are macromolecules

A

proteins

23
Q

What is the normal function of macromolecules

A

recognition sites for neurotransmitters and hormones

24
Q

What did Langley discover

A

pilocarpine

25
Q

What type of receptor does pilocarpine bind

A

Muscarinic GPCRs

26
Q

TRUE or FALSE - pilocarpine is an agonist

A

TRUE

27
Q

What is pilocarpine antagonist

A

atropine

28
Q

What is the effect of pilocarpine

A

slows HR, increases saliva secretion

29
Q

What does atropine tagret

A

GPCRs on salivary cells

30
Q

Which drugs affect nicotinic receptors

A

nicotine, curare

31
Q

What type of drug is nicotine?

A

agonist

32
Q

What type of drug is curare?

A

antagonist

33
Q

What is the effect of nicotine

A

muscle contraction

34
Q

What does curare target?

A

nicotinic ACh receptors on skeletal muscle

35
Q

What curare inhibit binding of?

A

ACh or nicotine to receptors

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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