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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Gene Models & Nephron Function II > Flashcards

Gene Models & Nephron Function II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the loop of henle

A

urine concentration

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2
Q

What does the loop of henle reabsorb

A

Na+, Cl-, H2O, Ca2+, Mg2+

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3
Q

What drug targets the loop of henle

A

loop diuretics

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4
Q

Describe the important structures of the loop of henle

A

thin descending limb, thick ascending limb, thin ascending limb

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5
Q

Describe the permeability of the thin descending limb

A

water permeable, impermeable to sodium and chloride

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6
Q

Describe the permeability of the ascending limb

A

impermeable to water, permeable to sodium and chloride

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7
Q

Which side faces the tubular fluid

A

apical

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8
Q

Which side faces the blood

A

basolateral

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9
Q

What are the channels on the apical side of the TAL

A

ROMK, NKCC2

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10
Q

Describe sodium movement in the TAL

A

reabsorbed across the basolateral membrane

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11
Q

Describe chloride movement in the TAL

A

moves in through NKCC2, reabsorbed into blood through CLCK

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12
Q

What channels are located on the basolateral side of the TAL

A

sodium potassium ATPase, potassium channel, CLCK, barttin

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13
Q

What does CLCK allow

A

eflux of chloride across basolateral membrane

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14
Q

What does barttin allow

A

function of CLCK

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15
Q

What is the function of ROMK

A

recycle potassium from NKCC2 across apical membrane

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16
Q

What does NKCC2 require to function

A

potassium

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17
Q

What does the reabsorption of sodium and chloride drive

A

reabsorption of calcium and magnesium

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18
Q

How is Bartter’s inherited

A

recessively

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19
Q

What mutations in what can cause bartter’s

A

CLCK/barttin, NKCC2, ROMK

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20
Q

What do the mutations in bartter’s cause to function improperly

A

NKCC2

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21
Q

What is NOT reabsorbed in bartter’s

A

sodium and chloride

22
Q

What are the symptoms of Bartter’s

A

salt wasting, polyuria, hypotension, hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypercalciuria

23
Q

What is hypokalaemia

A

low plasma potassium

24
Q

What causes hypotension in Bartter’s

A

decreased ECF volume

25
Q

What is hypercaliuria

A

high calcium in urine

26
Q

What is ROMK knockout mouse a model for

A

Bartter’s syndrome

27
Q

What is fractional excretion

A

amount in urine/amount filtered

28
Q

What symptoms are exhibited by ROMK knockout mice

A

salt wasting, polyuria,

29
Q

What symptoms of ROMK knockout mouse do not fit the model for Bartters

A

acidic plasma pH, hyperkalaemia

30
Q

Why might the ROMK knockout mouse give the wrong symptoms for Bartter’s

A

complete los of function of ROMK rather than mutation

31
Q

Name two loop diuretics

A

furosemide, bumetanide

32
Q

What do loop diuretics treat

A

high blood pressure, excess fluid

33
Q

What do loop diuretics block

A

NKCC2

34
Q

What do loop diuretics inhibit

A

water, sodium and chloride reabsorption

35
Q

What drug causes symptoms like Bartter’s

A

loop diuretics

36
Q

What can carriers for bartter’s have protection from

A

hypertension

37
Q

What is reabsorbed in the early distal tubule

A

sodium, chloride, magnesium

38
Q

What drug targets the early distal tubule

A

thiazide diuretics

39
Q

What channels are on the apical membrane of the early distal tubule

A

NCC, magnesium channel

40
Q

What channels are located on the basolateral side of the early distal tubule

A

CLCK, barttin, potassium channel, sodium potassium ATPase

41
Q

How is Gitelman’s inherited

A

recessively

42
Q

What symptoms does Gitelman’s syndrome exhibit

A

salt wasting, polyuria, hypotension, hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria

43
Q

What channel is mutated in Gitelman’s syndrome

A

NCC

44
Q

What part of the nephron does Gitelman’s syndrome affect

A

distal tubule

45
Q

What symptom is different between Bartter’s and Gitelman’s syndrome

A

hypocalciuria and hypercalciuria

46
Q

What is the mutation of NCC in Gitelman’s syndrome most likely to be

A

trafficking mutation

47
Q

Example of a thiazide diuretic

A

chlorothiazide

48
Q

What channel does thiazide diuretics target

A

NCC

49
Q

What does thiazide diuretics treat

A

high BP

50
Q

What is the effect of thiazide diuretics on the body

A

reduce water reabsorption

51
Q

What side effects can thiazide diuretics give you

A

side effects like gitelman’s syndrome

52
Q

How are magnesium and chloride reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb

A

paracellularly

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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