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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Respiration III > Flashcards

Respiration III Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of lung disease

A

obstructive, restrictive

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2
Q

Describe obstructive lung disease

A

reduction in flow through airways

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3
Q

Describe restrictive lung disease

A

reduction in lung expansion, inability of lungs to expand

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4
Q

What is a common feature of restrictive and obstructive disease

A

reduce ventilation

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5
Q

What is FEV1

A

forced expiratory volume in one second

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6
Q

What can cause obstructive lung disease

A

narrowing airways

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7
Q

What causes the narrowing of airways in obstructive lung disease

A

excess secretion, bronchoconstriction, inflammation, increased air flow resistance

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8
Q

What is the effect on FEV1, FVC in obstructive lung disease

A

FVC is the same, FEV1 and FEV1% decrease

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9
Q

Name some obstructive lung diseases

A

asthma, COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis cough

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10
Q

What type of disease is asthma

A

inflammatory disease

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11
Q

What is over stimulated in asthma

A

muscarinic receptors in airways

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12
Q

What happens in asthma

A

inflammatory cells release inflammatory mediators into airways causing bronchoconstriction

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13
Q

Example of an inflammatory mediator

A

histamine

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14
Q

What is a atopic trigger for asthma

A

extrinsic - allergies

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15
Q

What is a non-atopic trigger for asthma

A

intrinsic - respiratory infections, cold, irritants

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16
Q

What is the short term treatment for asthma

A

salbutamol

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17
Q

What is salbutamol

A

short acting B2 adrenoreceptor agonist

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18
Q

What does salbutamol cause

A

dilation of airways

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19
Q

What is a long acting treatment for asthma

A

beclometasone, long acting B-adrenoreceptor agonists

20
Q

What is beclometasone

A

inhaled steroid - glucocorticoids

21
Q

What is the effect of beclometasone

A

reduces inflammatory response

22
Q

What are the two main characteristics of restrictive lung disease

A

reduced chest expansion, loss of compliance - fibrosis

23
Q

Describe the features of loss of compliance in restrictive lung disease

A

increased collagen, decreased vital capacity, normal ageing process

24
Q

What is the effect on FEV1, FVC in restrictive lung disease

A

FVC is reduced, FEV1% is the same or increases

25
Q

TRUE or FALSE - peak flow increases in restrictive lung disease

A

FALSE

26
Q

Describe asbestosis

A

slow build up of fibrosis tissue - loss of compliance - fibres trapped in lungs

27
Q

What disease is a mixture of obstructive and restrictive

A

emphysema

28
Q

Where is the basic respiratory rhythm generated

A

centres in the medulla

29
Q

What are the medullary centres

A

dorsal respiratory group, ventral respiratory group

30
Q

What does the dorsal respiratory group control

A

inspiration

31
Q

How do the dorsal respiratory group control inspiration

A

sends signals to inspiratory muscles

32
Q

Describe the activity of the dorsal respiratory group

A

spontaneously active

33
Q

What does the ventral respiratory group control

A

inspiration, expiration

34
Q

Describe the activity of the ventral respiratory group

A

inactive during quiet respiration

35
Q

What does the ventral respiratory group control during activation

A

forceful inspiration and expiration

36
Q

What does the pneumotaxic centre control

A

increases rate by shortening inspirations

37
Q

What does the pneumotaxic centre have an inhibitory effect on

A

inspiration centre

38
Q

What is the function of the apneustic centre

A

increases depth, reduces rate, prolongs inspirations

39
Q

What does the apneustic centre stimulate

A

inspiratory centre

40
Q

What reflex uses stretch receptors in the lungs

A

Hering-Breuer reflex

41
Q

Describe the Hering-Breuer reflex

A

stretch receptors send signals to medulla to limit inspiration

42
Q

What does the Hering-Breuer reflex prevent

A

over-inflation of the lungs

43
Q

What do central chemoreceptors monitor

A

conditions in cerebrospinal fluid, sense CO2 and pH

44
Q

What is the response to rise in CO2

A

increased ventilation

45
Q

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located

A

carotid body, aortic arch

46
Q

What do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to

A

increased CO2, decreased pH, oxygen

47
Q

What does stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors cause

A

increased ventilation

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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