Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What does the autonomic nervous system innervate

Answer 1

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Question 2

What carries the visceral nerves

Answer 2

afferent neurons

Question 3

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Question 4

What is the sympathetic system associated with

Answer 4

fight or flight

Question 5

What does the sympathetic system increase

Answer 5

HR, BP, cardiac contractility, ventilation, blood glucose, ATP production

Question 6

Where are the ganglia found in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

close to spinal cord

Question 7

What does the sympathetic system act to decrease

Answer 7

salivation

Question 8

Describe increased sympathetic activity on the muscles

Answer 8

vasodilation and re-direction of blood to skeletal, cardiac muscle,

Question 9

Describe the effect of the sympathetic system on pupilss

Answer 9

pupils dilate

Question 10

What is the parasympathetic system associated with

Answer 10

rest and digest

Question 11

What does the parasympathetic system promote/increase

Answer 11

digestion, absorption, secretion, increased mobility of GI tract

Question 12

What does the parasympathetic system decrease

Answer 12

HR, BP

Question 13

Describe the effect of the parasympathetic system on the pupils

Answer 13

constrict

Question 14

Where are ganglia found in the parasympathetic system

Answer 14

far away from the spine

Question 15

Where does the parasympathetic system originate

Answer 15

crainosacral - base of brain, tailbone in spinal cord

Question 16

Describe the control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Answer 16

antagonistic control

Question 17

Give some examples of the antagonistic control of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 17

Heart rate

Question 18

Describe the antagonistic control of Heart Rate

Answer 18

post-ganglionic neuron innervates heart directly, sympathetic increase HR, parasympathetic decreases HR

Question 19

What are the exceptions to antagonistic control

Answer 19

male sexual function, sweat glands, hair follicles, blood vessels

Question 20

What are blood vessels, smooth muscle and adrenal medulla innervated by

Answer 20

sympathetic nerve fibres

Question 21

What are hair follicles innervated by

Answer 21

sympathetic system

Question 22

What are sweat glands innervated by

Answer 22

sympathetic nervous system only

Question 23

What are the roles of each system in male sexual function

Answer 23

parasympathetic stimulates an erection, sympathetic stimulates ejaculation

Question 24

TRUE or FALSE - sympathetic and parasympathetic have the same organisation

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

What is the exception to the same organisation of the ANS

Answer 25

adrenal medulla

Question 26

Describe the organisation of the adrenal medulla

Answer 26

post-ganglionic forms synapse with effector

Question 27

Describe the pre-ganglionic nerve fibres

Answer 27

Always myelinated, always cholinergic

Question 28

What do pre-ganglionic fibres release as their primary neurotransmitter

Answer 28

ACh

Question 29

What is the ligand in pre-ganglionic fibres

Answer 29

ACh

Question 30

What is the receptor subtype for pre-ganglionic fibres

Answer 30

N2 receptor subtype

Question 31

What receptor does ACh activate on the post ganglionic neuron

Answer 31

nicotinic ACh receptors

Question 32

Describe the pre-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 32

short, cholinergic

Question 33

Describe the post-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 33

long, adrenergic - release mainly noradrenaline

Question 34

what do target tissues of the sympathetic nervous system express

Answer 34

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

Question 35

What cells release adrenaline in the adrenal medulla

Answer 35

chromaffin cells

Question 36

Describe the fibres of the sweat glands

Answer 36

both pre and post ganglionic are cholinergic

Question 37

What are the receptors for sweat glands

Answer 37

muscarinic ACh receptors - GPCRs

Question 38

Describe the pre-ganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic system

Answer 38

long, cholinergic

Question 39

Describe the post-ganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic system

Answer 39

short, cholinergic

Question 40

What receptors do tissues of the parasympathetic system express

Answer 40

muscarinic ACh receptors

Question 41

What controls the emotional inputs of the ANS

Answer 41

limbic lobe

Question 42

What integrates an co-ordinates ANS function

Answer 42

hypothalamus

Question 43

What mediates autonomic reflexes

Answer 43

spinal cord

Question 44

Where are regulatory centres for ANS located

Answer 44

brainstem nuclei

Question 45

TRUE or FALSE - descending cortical input control autonomic output

Answer 45

TRUE