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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system innervate

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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2
Q

What carries the visceral nerves

A

afferent neurons

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3
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic

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4
Q

What is the sympathetic system associated with

A

fight or flight

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5
Q

What does the sympathetic system increase

A

HR, BP, cardiac contractility, ventilation, blood glucose, ATP production

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6
Q

Where are the ganglia found in the sympathetic nervous system

A

close to spinal cord

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7
Q

What does the sympathetic system act to decrease

A

salivation

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8
Q

Describe increased sympathetic activity on the muscles

A

vasodilation and re-direction of blood to skeletal, cardiac muscle,

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9
Q

Describe the effect of the sympathetic system on pupilss

A

pupils dilate

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10
Q

What is the parasympathetic system associated with

A

rest and digest

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11
Q

What does the parasympathetic system promote/increase

A

digestion, absorption, secretion, increased mobility of GI tract

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12
Q

What does the parasympathetic system decrease

A

HR, BP

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13
Q

Describe the effect of the parasympathetic system on the pupils

A

constrict

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14
Q

Where are ganglia found in the parasympathetic system

A

far away from the spine

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15
Q

Where does the parasympathetic system originate

A

crainosacral - base of brain, tailbone in spinal cord

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16
Q

Describe the control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

A

antagonistic control

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17
Q

Give some examples of the antagonistic control of the autonomic nervous system

A

Heart rate

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18
Q

Describe the antagonistic control of Heart Rate

A

post-ganglionic neuron innervates heart directly, sympathetic increase HR, parasympathetic decreases HR

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19
Q

What are the exceptions to antagonistic control

A

male sexual function, sweat glands, hair follicles, blood vessels

20
Q

What are blood vessels, smooth muscle and adrenal medulla innervated by

A

sympathetic nerve fibres

21
Q

What are hair follicles innervated by

A

sympathetic system

22
Q

What are sweat glands innervated by

A

sympathetic nervous system only

23
Q

What are the roles of each system in male sexual function

A

parasympathetic stimulates an erection, sympathetic stimulates ejaculation

24
Q

TRUE or FALSE - sympathetic and parasympathetic have the same organisation

A

TRUE

25
Q

What is the exception to the same organisation of the ANS

A

adrenal medulla

26
Q

Describe the organisation of the adrenal medulla

A

post-ganglionic forms synapse with effector

27
Q

Describe the pre-ganglionic nerve fibres

A

Always myelinated, always cholinergic

28
Q

What do pre-ganglionic fibres release as their primary neurotransmitter

A

ACh

29
Q

What is the ligand in pre-ganglionic fibres

A

ACh

30
Q

What is the receptor subtype for pre-ganglionic fibres

A

N2 receptor subtype

31
Q

What receptor does ACh activate on the post ganglionic neuron

A

nicotinic ACh receptors

32
Q

Describe the pre-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system

A

short, cholinergic

33
Q

Describe the post-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system

A

long, adrenergic - release mainly noradrenaline

34
Q

what do target tissues of the sympathetic nervous system express

A

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

35
Q

What cells release adrenaline in the adrenal medulla

A

chromaffin cells

36
Q

Describe the fibres of the sweat glands

A

both pre and post ganglionic are cholinergic

37
Q

What are the receptors for sweat glands

A

muscarinic ACh receptors - GPCRs

38
Q

Describe the pre-ganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic system

A

long, cholinergic

39
Q

Describe the post-ganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic system

A

short, cholinergic

40
Q

What receptors do tissues of the parasympathetic system express

A

muscarinic ACh receptors

41
Q

What controls the emotional inputs of the ANS

A

limbic lobe

42
Q

What integrates an co-ordinates ANS function

A

hypothalamus

43
Q

What mediates autonomic reflexes

A

spinal cord

44
Q

Where are regulatory centres for ANS located

A

brainstem nuclei

45
Q

TRUE or FALSE - descending cortical input control autonomic output

A

TRUE

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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