Endocrinology Flashcards
What is the function of the endocrine system
maintains homeostatic environment
What is the chemical mediator of the endocrine system
hormones
What do hormones travel through
bloodstream
What environment does the endocrine system target
internal
Examples of exocrine glands
sweat, digestive glands
Describe the secretion of exocrine glands
secrete products into ducts
Describe the secretion of endocrine glands
secretes hormones into interstitial fluids - carried in blood later
Which system is ductless?
endocrine
Which organ is both endocrine and exocrine
pancreas
What does the pancreas secrete
insulin, glucagon
What does the pineal gland secrete
melatonin
What triggers the pineal gland to secrete melatonin
norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerve terminals
What is the precursor to melatonin
serotonin
What does the pituitary gland secrete
hormones, cortisol, growth hormones
What is the command centre of the endocrine system
hypothalamus
Where is the pituitary gland located
below the hypothalamus
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland
anterior, posterior
What does the posterior pituitary gland secrete
oxytocin, ADH
What does the anterior pituitary gland secrete
several different hormones
Where is the thyroid gland located
anterior to trachea, inferior to larynx
What the thyroid gland produce
T3, T4
What does the thyroid gland secrete
thyroxine
What is the thyroid gland responsible for
metabolism
Where do parathyroid glands lie
posterior surface of thyroid gland
Name the types of hormones
amino acid derivative, peptide hormones, lipid derivate
Describe thyroid eye disease
high levels of thyroid hormone, bulging eyes
Where is the parathyroid gland located
posterior surface of thyroid
What system is the parathyroid gland involved in
negative feedback system
What does the parathyroid gland secrete
parathyroid hormone
What does parathyroid hormone regulate
calcium, phosphate levels in blood
What do the adrenal glands consist of
cortex, medulla
Describe the structure/location of the adrenal glands
bilateral, attached to superior aspect of the kidney
What does the cortex secrete
cortisol
What does the medulla secrete
adrenaline, noradrenaline
What do the testes produce
testosterone
What do the female ovaries produce
estrogens, progesterone
What is the function of testosterone
development of secondary sex characteristics
What is the function of estrogens and progesterone
development of female reproductive system, menstrual cycle, secondary sex characteristics
