Circulatory System Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system

A

maintain conc grad, enable hormone signalling, mediate inflammatory response

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2
Q

What is part of the circulatory system

A

heart, blood and blood vessels

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3
Q

Describe the circuits of circulatory flow

A

systemic, pulmonary

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4
Q

Describe the systemic circuit

A

moves to heart, parallel pathways

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5
Q

Describe the pulmonary circuit

A

single pathway from right to left side of heart

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6
Q

What system do arteries form

A

distribution system

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7
Q

What system do arteries and venules form

A

diffusion and filtration systems

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8
Q

What system do veins form

A

collection system

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9
Q

Describe the tunica interna

A

endothelial cells rest on basement membrane

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10
Q

Describe the tunica media

A

combination of smooth muscle cells, elastic fibres

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11
Q

Describe the tunica externa

A

collagen fibres, elastic fibres, external layer

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12
Q

What innervates arteries

A

efferent nerves of sympathetic nervous system

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13
Q

Describe the correlation between artery walls and lumen size

A

artery wall thickness increases as lumen size decreases

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14
Q

Describe the characteristics of the aorta

A

high compliance, elastic recoil

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15
Q

How are smooth muscle cells arranged in medium sized arteries

A

circumferentially

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16
Q

What are medium sized arteries capable of

A

greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation

17
Q

What are arterioles

A

small arteries - lots of smooth muscle cells

18
Q

What do arterioles enable

A

regulation of blood flow into capillary networks

19
Q

When does vasoconstriction of arterioles occur

A

when noradrenaline is released from sympathetic nerve

20
Q

What is the effect of noradrenaline on arterioles

A

activates a1 adrenoreceptors

21
Q

What causes vasodilation of arterioles

A

reduced release of noradrenaline

22
Q

Describe capillaries

A

small terminal vessels

23
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries located

24
Q

What are capillaries composed of

A

endothelial cells, basement membrane

25
What are capillaries essential for
exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid
26
What are the three groups of capillaries
continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal
27
Describe venules
porous
28
What is the function of venules
exchange site for nutrients and waste
29
What do the thin walls of venules allow
expansion, blood reservoirs
30
Describe muscular venules
thin smooth muscle cell layer
31
Describe veins
less muscular and elastic
32
What is the function of veins
store blood
33
Describe large veins
more muscular than venules and smaller veins
34
What can defective leaky valves in veins cause
back flow, varicose veins
35
What do large veins possess
valves
36
What are the functions of the lymphatic system
drain excess interstitial fluid, transport dietary lipids, immune response
37
How is the lymph formed
excess fluid and protein enters lymphatic vessels
38
What is a lymph oedema
damage to lymphatic system
39
What are the symptoms of a lymph oedema
ineffective drainage, excessive fluid build up