Circulatory System

Question 1

What are the functions of the circulatory system

Answer 1

maintain conc grad, enable hormone signalling, mediate inflammatory response

Question 2

What is part of the circulatory system

Answer 2

heart, blood and blood vessels

Question 3

Describe the circuits of circulatory flow

Answer 3

systemic, pulmonary

Question 4

Describe the systemic circuit

Answer 4

moves to heart, parallel pathways

Question 5

Describe the pulmonary circuit

Answer 5

single pathway from right to left side of heart

Question 6

What system do arteries form

Answer 6

distribution system

Question 7

What system do arteries and venules form

Answer 7

diffusion and filtration systems

Question 8

What system do veins form

Answer 8

collection system

Question 9

Describe the tunica interna

Answer 9

endothelial cells rest on basement membrane

Question 10

Describe the tunica media

Answer 10

combination of smooth muscle cells, elastic fibres

Question 11

Describe the tunica externa

Answer 11

collagen fibres, elastic fibres, external layer

Question 12

What innervates arteries

Answer 12

efferent nerves of sympathetic nervous system

Question 13

Describe the correlation between artery walls and lumen size

Answer 13

artery wall thickness increases as lumen size decreases

Question 14

Describe the characteristics of the aorta

Answer 14

high compliance, elastic recoil

Question 15

How are smooth muscle cells arranged in medium sized arteries

Answer 15

circumferentially

Question 16

What are medium sized arteries capable of

Answer 16

greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 17

What are arterioles

Answer 17

small arteries - lots of smooth muscle cells

Question 18

What do arterioles enable

Answer 18

regulation of blood flow into capillary networks

Question 19

When does vasoconstriction of arterioles occur

Answer 19

when noradrenaline is released from sympathetic nerve

Question 20

What is the effect of noradrenaline on arterioles

Answer 20

activates a1 adrenoreceptors

Question 21

What causes vasodilation of arterioles

Answer 21

reduced release of noradrenaline

Question 22

Describe capillaries

Answer 22

small terminal vessels

Question 23

Where are sinusoidal capillaries located

Answer 23

bone marrow

Question 24

What are capillaries composed of

Answer 24

endothelial cells, basement membrane

Question 25

What are capillaries essential for

Answer 25

exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid

Question 26

What are the three groups of capillaries

Answer 26

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal

Question 27

Describe venules

Answer 27

porous

Question 28

What is the function of venules

Answer 28

exchange site for nutrients and waste

Question 29

What do the thin walls of venules allow

Answer 29

expansion, blood reservoirs

Question 30

Describe muscular venules

Answer 30

thin smooth muscle cell layer

Question 31

Describe veins

Answer 31

less muscular and elastic

Question 32

What is the function of veins

Answer 32

store blood

Question 33

Describe large veins

Answer 33

more muscular than venules and smaller veins

Question 34

What can defective leaky valves in veins cause

Answer 34

back flow, varicose veins

Question 35

What do large veins possess

Answer 35

valves

Question 36

What are the functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 36

drain excess interstitial fluid, transport dietary lipids, immune response

Question 37

How is the lymph formed

Answer 37

excess fluid and protein enters lymphatic vessels

Question 38

What is a lymph oedema

Answer 38

damage to lymphatic system

Question 39

What are the symptoms of a lymph oedema

Answer 39

ineffective drainage, excessive fluid build up