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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Gene Models & Nephron Function > Flashcards

Gene Models & Nephron Function Flashcards

1
Q

What brings blood into the glomerular capillaries

A

afferent arteriole

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2
Q

What does the bowman’s capsule filter?

A

plasma

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3
Q

What is permitted to move through glomerular filtration

A

water, small molecules, ions

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4
Q

What does glomerular filtration restrict

A

blood cells, proteins

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5
Q

What does the ultra filtrate produce

A

protein free plasma

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6
Q

Where does secretion occur from in glomerular filtration

A

from capillary into lumen of tubule

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7
Q

What are the two pathways for transport

A

transcellular, paracellular

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8
Q

What is transcellular transport

A

transport across the cell

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9
Q

Describe reabsorption

A

lumen into the capillary

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10
Q

What is paracellular transport

A

between cells

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11
Q

What is the main role of the proximal tubule

A

bulk reabsorption of filtrate

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12
Q

What organelle does the proximal tubule have lots of

A

mitochondria

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13
Q

Why does the proximal tubule have lots of mitochondria

A

need ATP for reabsorption

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14
Q

What channels are located on the apical side of the proximal tubule

A

SGLT1, SGLT2, NaPiII, NHE3

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15
Q

What channels are located on the basolateral side of the proximal tubule

A

sodium potassium ATPase, potassium channel

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16
Q

Why does the proximal tubule have a high SA

A

maximise transport

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17
Q

What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

A

100% glucose and AAs, 90% bicarbonate, 70% water and sodium

18
Q

What is the key transport protein on the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule

A

sodium potassium ATPase

19
Q

What sets up the negative membrane potential on the basolateral side of the proximal tubule

A

Sodium potassium ATPase, potassium channel

20
Q

What happens in NaPiII knockout mouse

A

less phosphate reabsorption, phosphate lost into urine, plasma phosphate low

21
Q

What are the symptoms of NaPiII knockout mouse

A

renal mineralisation, bone mineralisation, increased calcification, stones

22
Q

How is familial renal glycosuria inherited

A

autosomal recessive

23
Q

Describe the characteristics of familial renal glycosuria

A

increased urinary glucose, normal plasma glucose levels

24
Q

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase

A

breaks down carbonic acid into CO2 and water

25
Q

How does water move into the cell in the proximal tubule

A

Aquaporin 2

26
Q

Where is carbonic anhydrase located in the proximal tubule

A

extracellular surface, inside the cell

27
Q

What is the function of bicarbonate

A

maintain and regulate normal body pH

28
Q

What are the symptoms of renal NHE3 knockout mice

A

bicarbonate excreted in urine, pH acidic, systolic BP low,

29
Q

Why is BP low in renal NHE3 knockout mice

A

ECF volume decrease

30
Q

TRUE or FALSE - Renal NHE3 knockout mice exhibit reduction in water reabsorption by proximal tubule

A

True

31
Q

What is inhibited in the NHE3 knockout mouse?

A

H+ secretion across apical membrane, Na+ and HCO3- transport

32
Q

Why does the NHE3 knockout mouse have a lower plasma pH

A

lower plasma HCO3-

33
Q

What is the function of SGLT1 and SGLT2

A

reabsorb glucose across apical membrane

34
Q

What is the function of NaPiII

A

reabsorb phosphate - across apical membrane

35
Q

What is the function of NHE3

A

secrete hydrogen ions across the apical membrane

36
Q

What happens if phosphate isn’t reabsorbed across apical membrane

A

less phosphate reabsorption, phosphate lost into urine, low phosphate plasma levels

37
Q

How are glucose levels affected in familial renal glycosuria

A

normal

38
Q

How are urinary glucose levels affected in familial renal glycosuria

A

increased

39
Q

TRUE or FALSE - CO2 can diffuse across the membrane in the proximal tubule

A

TRUE

40
Q

What is recycled across the apical membrane in the proximal tubule

A

hydrogen ions

41
Q

What does the normal function of NHE3 allow

A

breakdown of carbonic acid

42
Q

What does NHE3 help to maintain

A

normal bicarbonate levels in plasma

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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