Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Gene Models & Nephron Function III > Flashcards

Gene Models & Nephron Function III Flashcards

1
Q

What do the connecting tubules connect

A

late distal tubule to cortical collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two cell types in the late distal tubule

A

principal, intercalated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is secreted in the Late distal tubule and collecting duct

A

K+ and H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the principal cells reabsorb

A

Na+, H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do the principal cells secrete

A

K+, H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two types of intercalated cells

A

alpha and beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is secreted/reabsorbed in the intercalated

A

H+ and HCO3- are secreted and reabsorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What channels are on the apical side of the principal cells

A

ENaC, ROMK, Aquaporin 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What channels are on the basolateral side of the principal cells

A

Kir2.3, AQP3, AQP4, sodium potassium ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the principal cell

A

regulation of urine composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of Kir2.3

A

maintain negative membrane potential, and low intracellular sodium conc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What regulates ENaC in the principal cell

A

signalling pathways - phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does reabsorption of sodium in the principal cell drive

A

potassium secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which channels are not regulated in the principal cell

A

AQP3, AQP4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the number of AQP2 channels depend on

A

fluid in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the rate limiting step for water reabsorption across the collecting duct

A

AQP2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What steps up the driving force for water reabsorpion

A

high conc of sodium and potassium in interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name some diseases of the principal cells

A

Diabetes insipidus, Liddle’s syndrome, Pseudohypoaldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the symptoms of diabetes insipidus

A

problems concentrating the urine

20
Q

What channel is affected in diabetes insipidus

A

AQP2

21
Q

What channel is affected in Liddle’s syndrome

A

ENaC

22
Q

Describe symptoms of Liddle’s syndrome

A

hypertension, too much reabsorption of sodium and water

23
Q

What do the symptoms of pseudohypoaldosteronism mimic

A

low levels of hormone aldosterone

24
Q

What is amiloride

A

potassium sparing diuretic

25
Q

What does amiloride block

A

ENaC, sodium and water reabsorption

26
Q

What does amiloride target

A

principal cells

27
Q

What does amiloride treat

A

high BP

28
Q

TRUE or FALSE - alpha intercalated cells have a proton pump on the apical membrane

A

True

29
Q

What is the function of the proton pump in the alpha intercalated cell

A

hydrolyse ATP - pump hydrogen ions out against conc grad

30
Q

What channels are located on the basolateral membrane of the apical intercalated cell

A

halogen ion channel - AE1, chloride channel

31
Q

What is the function of the chloride channel in the alpha intercalated cell

A

recycling of chloride across basolateral membrane

32
Q

What is the function of AE1 in the alpha intercalated cell

A

moves bicarbonate out - reabsorbed

33
Q

Why is reabsorption of bicarbonate important

A

regulation of body fluid pH

34
Q

What disease is associated with alpha intercalated cells

A

distal renal tubular acidosis

35
Q

What causes distal renal tubular acidosis

A

mutation in AE1 - basolateral membrane

36
Q

What happens to cells when AE1 is mutated

A

AE1 appears on both membranes - bicarbonate is lost

37
Q

What are the symptoms of distal renal tubular acidosis

A

metabolic acidosis, low body fluid pH, renal damage, nephrocalcinosis

38
Q

Describe the permeability of the medullary collecting duct

A

high permeability to water, urea, low sodium permeability

39
Q

When is the medullary collecting duct permeable to water and urea

A

in the presence of vasopressin

40
Q

What are the symptoms of acute renal failure

A

fall in glomerular filtration rate, accumulation of urea, creatinine

41
Q

How is acute renal failure treated

A

dialysis

42
Q

TRUE or FALSE - acute renal failure is irreversible

A

FALSE

43
Q

What are the symptoms of acute renal failure

A

hypervolalemia, hyperkalaemia, acidosis, high urea/creatinine

44
Q

What is hypervolaemia

A

oliguria due to low GFR

45
Q

What does hyperkalaemia cause in acute renal failure

A

cardiac excitability, risk of cardiac death

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions