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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Autonomic and Cardiovascular Pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the neurotransmitters fo the PNS

A

ACh

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2
Q

What neurotransmitter is used by pre-ganglionic neurons in sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

A

ACh

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3
Q

What are the target of parasympathetic system on the post ganglionic neuron

A

muscarinic receptors - GPCRs

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4
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete

A

adrenaline into blood

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5
Q

Describe nicotinic receptors

A

always myelinated, cholinergic, ionotropic

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6
Q

How can drugs indirectly enhance cholinergic transmission

A

inhibit cholinesterase

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7
Q

What is the effect of inhibiting cholinesterase

A

ACh levels increase

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8
Q

How are anti-cholinesterase drugs classified

A

duration of action

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9
Q

Example of a short acting anti-cholinesterase dug

A

edrophonium

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10
Q

What is edrophonium used for

A

diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

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11
Q

What are medium length anti-cholinesterase drugs

A

neostigmine, pyridostigmine

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12
Q

What are neostigmine and pyridostigmine used for

A

myasthenia gravis

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13
Q

What is the function of physostigmine

A

crosses BBB, used for glaucoma

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14
Q

How do long acting anti-cholinesterase drugs work?

A

irreversible, cross BBB, bind to enzyme with covalent bond

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15
Q

What are the different subtypes of muscarinic receptors

A

Gq, Gi

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16
Q

What is the function of M1-Gq muscarinic receptor

A

regulates activity of phospholipase C, generates intracellular messengers

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17
Q

What is the function of M2 - Gi muscarinic receptors

A

decreases activity of adenylyl cyclase, reduces cAMP levels

18
Q

What is IP3

A

signalling molecule

19
Q

What does the muscarinic receptor regulate

A

potassium channels

20
Q

What does parasympathetic stimulation of muscarinic receptor slow

A

heart rate

21
Q

How is IP3 terminated

A

dephosphorylated, phosphorylated

22
Q

What is the effect of muscarine

A

decreases BP, increases saliva production, increases sweating

23
Q

What are cholinergic agonists at mAChR

A

muscarine, pilocarpine

24
Q

What are cholinergic antagonists

A

atropine

25
Q

What is the effect of atropine

A

inhibits saliva, smooth muscle relaxant, pupil dilation, CNS agitation

26
Q

describe the receptors for noradrenaline

A

GPCRs

27
Q

Where are GPCRs for noradrenaline found

A

smooth muscle, heart, glands

28
Q

What is the function of alpha1 adrenoreceptors

A

constrict smooth muscle

29
Q

What molecule increases heart contraction

A

calcium increase

30
Q

What inhibits the presynaptic release of noradrenaline

A

alpha2 adrenoreceptors - Gi

31
Q

What does receptor signalling via Gs phosphorylation increase

A

calcium in cardiac muscle cells, contraction

32
Q

What are the two sites for the clinical use of adrenoreceptor agonists

A

cardiovascular system, respiratory system

33
Q

What is clonidine

A

alpha2 agonist

34
Q

What does clonidine treat

A

high BP

35
Q

What is salbutamol

A

bronchodilator - beta2 selective

36
Q

What is ephedrine

A

nasal decongestant - beta agonist, causes noradrenaline release

37
Q

What are some antagonists for adrenoreceptors

A

prazos, carvedilol, propranolol

38
Q

What does prazos treat

A

hypertension

39
Q

What does carvedilol treat

A

heart failure

40
Q

What does propanolol treat

A

anxiety

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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