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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > GI Tract I > Flashcards

GI Tract I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the GI tract

A

supply water, electrolytes, circulate blood, secrete digestive juices

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2
Q

What are the structural components of the GI tract

A

buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, rectum, anal cavity

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3
Q

What is the function of the buccal cavity

A

mastication, mix with saliva, mechanically break down food

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4
Q

Where does digestion begin

A

mouth

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5
Q

What does the buccal cavity form

A

soft bolus

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6
Q

What does the buccal cavity provide

A

lubrication, saliva

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7
Q

What does saliva contain

A

alpha amylase

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8
Q

What is the function of saliva

A

break down starch

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9
Q

Where does the oesophagus convey food to

A

stomach via upper sphincter

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10
Q

Describe the structure of the oesophagus

A

conduit between oropharynx and stomach, fibro-muscular tube

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11
Q

What doe the oesophagus consist of

A

muscles, mucosa, submucosa, connective tissue

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12
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus

A

convey food to stomach - peristaltic contraction

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13
Q

What is the stomach

A

elastic bag - holds masticated food

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14
Q

What does the stomach add

A

gastric acid, digestive enzymes

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15
Q

Where does the stomach lie

A

upper left part of abdominal cavity agains diaphragm

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16
Q

What does the stomach release

A

proteases, HCl

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17
Q

What is the function of proteases in the stomach

A

break up proteins

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18
Q

What is the function of HCl in the stomach

A

act as bacterial - stop proliferation

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19
Q

What is the product of the stomach

A

chyme

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20
Q

How does the stomach produce chyme

A

peristalsis

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21
Q

Where is the chyme from the stomach released into

A

duodenum

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22
Q

What is the duodenum

A

small intestine

23
Q

What is the function of the duodenum

A

break down, absorption

24
Q

Where does the bulk of digestion occur

A

duodenum

25
Q

What is secreted in the duodenum

A

intestinal juices, digestive enzymes

26
Q

Where does the duodenum lie

A

directly adjacent to stomach

27
Q

What is the function of the duodenum

A

enzymatic breakdown of chyme

28
Q

How many regions does the duodenum have

A

4

29
Q

What structure regulates the emptying of the stomach

A

duodenum

30
Q

How does the duodenum regulate the emptying of the stomach

A

hormones; - secretin and cholecystokinin

31
Q

What is the jejunum/ileum

A

small intestine

32
Q

What secretes digestive enzymes into the jejunum/ileum

A

pancreas, liver via pancreatic duct

33
Q

What is the function of jejunum/ileum

A

absorption

34
Q

What line the inner surface of the jejunum

A

villi

35
Q

What is the function of the villi of the jejunum

A

increase SA for greater absorption and blood supply

36
Q

Describe the structure of the villi in the jejunum

A

brush border of microvilli on villi

37
Q

Transport of ….. across epithelial cells is passive in the jejunum

A

sugars e.g. fructose

38
Q

What have to be transported actively into the GI tract

A

amino acids, small peptides, glucose

39
Q

What is different about the ileum compared to the jejunum

A

smaller lumen, thinner walls, more fat inside mesentery

40
Q

What is the function of the ileum

A

absorbs B12, bile salts and products of digestion that weren’t absorbed in the jejunum

41
Q

What does the ileum have

A

abundant peyer’s patches

42
Q

What are Peyer’s patches

A

encapsulated typhoid nodules

43
Q

What do Peyer’s patches contain

A

large numbers of immune system cells

44
Q

What is the caecum

A

first part of large intestine

45
Q

What is the function of the caecum

A

absorb salt and water, mix mucous into chyme

46
Q

In what animal is the caecum larger?

A

herbivores

47
Q

What does the caecum house in herbivores

A

cellulose digesting enzymes

48
Q

In what animals is the caecum absent?

A

carnivores - replaced by appendix

49
Q

What is the function of the rectum

A

absorption of electrolytes, water, thickens and stores faeces

50
Q

What does the stretching of renal walls stimulate

A

stretch receptors, desire to defaecate

51
Q

What is the function of the anal cavity

A

store faeces, regulate defection, lubricate

52
Q

What components are part fo the upper GI tract

A

buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum

53
Q

What components are part of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

54
Q

What components are part of the lower GI tract

A

colon, rectum, anal canal

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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