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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > GI Tract II > Flashcards

GI Tract II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of enzymes on food particles

A

increase SA - volume ratio

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2
Q

Where does mastication occur

A

mouth

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3
Q

Why is food smashed

A

increase SA, reduce damage to GI tract

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4
Q

What does the presence of the bolus initiate

A

reflex inhibition of muscles of mastication

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5
Q

Describe the process of chewing

A

muscles of mastication contract and elevate, bolus compressed against mouth lining

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6
Q

What are the muscles of chewing/mastication

A

mandible, teeth

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7
Q

What is chewing

A

movement of the mandible, open and closure of teeth

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8
Q

What is the oesophagus lined with

A

mucosa

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9
Q

What are the lower two thirds of the oesophagus made of

A

smooth muscle

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10
Q

What is the upper third of the oesophagus made of

A

skeletal muscle

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11
Q

Describe where the oesophagus is placed/lies

A

runs posterior to trachea, runs anterior to vertebrae, pierces the diaphragm

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12
Q

Describe primary peristalsis

A

peristalsis - starts in oropharynx - spreads to oesophagus

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13
Q

What is secondary peristalsis

A

moves any food left over

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14
Q

What triggers secondary peristalsis

A

distension of oesophagus

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15
Q

What nerve controls smooth muscle of oesophagus

A

cranial nerve 10 - vagus

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16
Q

Name a disease of the oesophagus

A

Barrett’s oesophagus

17
Q

What are the symptoms of Barrett’s oesophagus

A

NO symptoms

18
Q

TRUE or FALSE - metaplasia occurs in Barrett’s oesophagus

A

True

19
Q

Describe the metaplasia in barrett’s oesophagus

A

abnormal change of cells lining the lower oesophagus

20
Q

What cells are transformed in Barrett’s oesophagus

A

normal stratified squamous epithelium becomes simple columnar epithelial cells with goblet cells

21
Q

What is Barrett’s oesophagus associated with

A

gastric reflux, heartburn

22
Q

How is Barrett’s oesophagus treated

A

proton pump inhibitor

23
Q

What is the effect of a proton pump inhibitor treating Barrett’s oesophagus

A

inhibits production of acid

24
Q

How does food enter the stomach

A

forms concentric circles around orad portion of stomach

25
Q

What is the vagovagal reflex

A

stomach relaxes and stretches out

26
Q

What does the vagovagal reflex reduce

A

muscular tension in stomach

27
Q

Describe the structure of the mucosa

A

folded

28
Q

Why are the mucosa folded

A

expand inner lining of stomach

29
Q

What is the mucosa

A

membrane with layers of epithelial cells

30
Q

What do the gastro glands produce

A

gastric acid

31
Q

Where are the gastro glands found

A

entire lumen of the stomach

32
Q

What do G cells secrete

A

gastrin

33
Q

What does gastrin control

A

emptying of stomach

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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