Respiraton Flashcards
What is external respiration
ventilation, gas exchange, transport of gases
What are the two zones in the lungs
conducting, respiratory
Describe the bronchi
cartilage, keep airways open
What is located in the conducting zone
bronchi, bronchioles, nose, oropharynx, pharynx, trachea,
Describe the bronchioles
no cartilage, can collapse
TRUE or FALSE - gas exchange occurs in the conducting zone
FALSE
What is another name for the conducting zone
dead zone
What is the function of the conducting zone
filters, warms, humidifies, conditions incoming air
Describe the respiratory zone
huge SA for gas exchange
What is located in the respiratory zone
alveolar air spaces, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, mucous layer
What are the features of the bronchial wall
cartilage, smooth muscle, mucous glands, elastic tissue
What is the function of the smooth muscle in the bronchial wall
controls diameter of airway
What is the function of elastic tissue in the bronchial wall
Supports structures
What are the features of the respiratory epithelium
ciliated epithelia, goblet cells, sensory nerve endings
Where are the respiratory epithelium present
nasal cavity down to alveolar
What has more smooth muscle - bronchi or bronchioles
bronchi
Why is smooth muscle important in bronchioles
diameter
What are the characteristics of the alveoli
large SA, thin walled
What surrounds the alveoli
type 1 and 2 pnemuocytes
What do type 2 pnemuocytes produce
surfactant
What are the two stages of ventilation
inspiration, expiration
What is a requirement for inspiration
gas pressure in alveoli must be below gas pressure of atmosphere
What muscles does quiet inspiration involve
primary muscles, diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, rib cage moves up
What is the effect of quiet inspiration
increases thoracic and lung volume
What is Boyle’s law
increase in volume - reduces pressure, air moves down pressure gradient
What muscles does forced inspiration use
primary and secondary, scalenes, sternocleidomastoids, neck and back muscles, upper respiratory tract
Describe quiet inspiration
elastic recoil, passive process, relaxation of external intercostals, diaphragm relaxes
What muscles does forced expiration use
accessory muscles, internal intercostals, abdominal, neck and back
What is the function of the pleura
prevent lungs from sticking to chest
What does the pleura allow
easy expansion, collapse of lungs
What are the pleura
two membranes, cavity filled with secretions
What is the pressure in the pleura
sub atmospheric
What is pneumothorax
collapsed lung or puncture
Describe the pressure during pneumothorax
pressure in intrapleural space - equal to atmospheric
Describe the intra pleural pressure during inspiration
becomes more negative
Describe pressures during expiration
elastic pressures are overcome
