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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Respiraton > Flashcards

Respiraton Flashcards

1
Q

What is external respiration

A

ventilation, gas exchange, transport of gases

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2
Q

What are the two zones in the lungs

A

conducting, respiratory

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3
Q

Describe the bronchi

A

cartilage, keep airways open

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4
Q

What is located in the conducting zone

A

bronchi, bronchioles, nose, oropharynx, pharynx, trachea,

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5
Q

Describe the bronchioles

A

no cartilage, can collapse

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6
Q

TRUE or FALSE - gas exchange occurs in the conducting zone

A

FALSE

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7
Q

What is another name for the conducting zone

A

dead zone

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8
Q

What is the function of the conducting zone

A

filters, warms, humidifies, conditions incoming air

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9
Q

Describe the respiratory zone

A

huge SA for gas exchange

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10
Q

What is located in the respiratory zone

A

alveolar air spaces, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, mucous layer

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11
Q

What are the features of the bronchial wall

A

cartilage, smooth muscle, mucous glands, elastic tissue

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12
Q

What is the function of the smooth muscle in the bronchial wall

A

controls diameter of airway

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13
Q

What is the function of elastic tissue in the bronchial wall

A

Supports structures

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14
Q

What are the features of the respiratory epithelium

A

ciliated epithelia, goblet cells, sensory nerve endings

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15
Q

Where are the respiratory epithelium present

A

nasal cavity down to alveolar

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16
Q

What has more smooth muscle - bronchi or bronchioles

A

bronchi

17
Q

Why is smooth muscle important in bronchioles

A

diameter

18
Q

What are the characteristics of the alveoli

A

large SA, thin walled

19
Q

What surrounds the alveoli

A

type 1 and 2 pnemuocytes

20
Q

What do type 2 pnemuocytes produce

A

surfactant

21
Q

What are the two stages of ventilation

A

inspiration, expiration

22
Q

What is a requirement for inspiration

A

gas pressure in alveoli must be below gas pressure of atmosphere

23
Q

What muscles does quiet inspiration involve

A

primary muscles, diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, rib cage moves up

24
Q

What is the effect of quiet inspiration

A

increases thoracic and lung volume

25
Q

What is Boyle’s law

A

increase in volume - reduces pressure, air moves down pressure gradient

26
Q

What muscles does forced inspiration use

A

primary and secondary, scalenes, sternocleidomastoids, neck and back muscles, upper respiratory tract

27
Q

Describe quiet inspiration

A

elastic recoil, passive process, relaxation of external intercostals, diaphragm relaxes

28
Q

What muscles does forced expiration use

A

accessory muscles, internal intercostals, abdominal, neck and back

29
Q

What is the function of the pleura

A

prevent lungs from sticking to chest

30
Q

What does the pleura allow

A

easy expansion, collapse of lungs

31
Q

What are the pleura

A

two membranes, cavity filled with secretions

32
Q

What is the pressure in the pleura

A

sub atmospheric

33
Q

What is pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung or puncture

34
Q

Describe the pressure during pneumothorax

A

pressure in intrapleural space - equal to atmospheric

35
Q

Describe the intra pleural pressure during inspiration

A

becomes more negative

36
Q

Describe pressures during expiration

A

elastic pressures are overcome

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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