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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Respiration II > Flashcards

Respiration II Flashcards

1
Q

What is compliance

A

measure of elasticity, change in volume over change in pressure

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2
Q

Describe the effect of low compliance on respiration

A

more effort to inspire

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3
Q

What is an example of low compliance

A

pulmonary fibrosis

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4
Q

Describe pulmonary fibrosis

A

lung parenchyma more rigid

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5
Q

Describe the high compliance

A

more difficulty expiring - lost of elastic tissue and recoil

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6
Q

What is an example of high compliance

A

emphysema

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7
Q

What are the two components of elastic recoil in the lung

A

anatomical component, surface tension

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8
Q

What is the effect of surface tension on alveoli

A

cause constriction

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9
Q

What has to be overcome in order for lungs to expand

A

surface tension

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10
Q

Why does surface tension develop

A

differences in forces on water molecules at air/water interface

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11
Q

How does Laplace’s equation apply to alveoli

A

larger air sacs have lower pressure than small air sacs

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12
Q

How does air flow through alveoli

A

smaller into larger - this causes collapse

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13
Q

What does adding detergent to alveoli cause

A

loss of surface tension

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14
Q

What is the function of surfactant

A

stop small alveoli collapsing - reduce surface tension

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15
Q

What is surfactant composed of

A

lipids and proteins

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16
Q

What is the effect of surfactant on alveoli

A

increases compliance, prevents oedema, slows rate of inflation

17
Q

How much surfactant do small alveoli have

A

lots

18
Q

What is used to measure lung volumes

A

spirometer

19
Q

Which volume is difficult to measure in lungs

A

residual volume

20
Q

What cannot take part in gas exchange

A

anatomical dead space

21
Q

What is the vital capacity

A

forced inspiration

22
Q

What does Poiseuille’s Law determine

A

impact of resistance on flow

23
Q

What is total lung capacity

A

vital capacity and residual volume

24
Q

What factors impact on airway resistance

A

airway diameter, increased mucus secretion, oedema, airway collapse

25
Q

What controls bronchial smooth muscle

A

parasympathetic, sympathetic, humoral factors

26
Q

What is the effect of histamine on bronchial smooth muscle

A

constriction

27
Q

What is the effect of adrenaline on bronchial smooth muscle

A

dilation

28
Q

Describe the parasympathetic effect on bronchial smooth muscle

A

ACh acts on muscarinic receptors - constriction

29
Q

Describe the sympathetic effect on bronchial smooth muscle

A

noradrenaline stimulates beta receptors - dilation

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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