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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Regulation of Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Regulation of Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to a tissue if not enough blood is present

A

undergoes necrosis

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2
Q

What relationship of haemodynamics is inversely proportional

A

resistance to flow

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3
Q

What does vascular/total peripheral resistance depend on

A

size of vessel lumen, length of blood vessel, blood viscosity

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4
Q

Describe the effect of blood viscosity on total peripheral resistance

A

as viscosity increases, blood flow decreases

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5
Q

Describe the effect of blood vessel length of total peripheral resistance

A

longer the blood vessel - greater the resistance - slower flow

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6
Q

Definition of blood pressure

A

force or hydrostatic pressure that blood exerts against blood vessel wall

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7
Q

What does blood pressure vary depending on?

A

system, distance, systole or diastole

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8
Q

what is systole

A

contraction

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9
Q

what is diastole

A

relaxation

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10
Q

When is peak systolic arterial BP attained

A

ventricular systole

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11
Q

When is minimum diastolic pressure attained

A

ventricular diastole

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12
Q

What is pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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13
Q

What is systolic pressure mainly affected by

A

ejection velocity, stroke volume

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14
Q

What is diastolic pressure mainly affected by

A

total peripheral resistance, arteriole resistance

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15
Q

What is used to measure arterial BP

A

sphygmomanometer and stethoscope

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16
Q

What are baroreceptors

A

free nerve endings

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17
Q

What do baroreceptors detect

A

changes in stretch within blood vessels

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18
Q

What are some examples of baroreceptors

A

carotid sinus, aortic arch

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19
Q

What happens to baroreceptors when blood vessels stretch

A

increased APs - signal to cardio-vascular centres in the medulla

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20
Q

What uses a negative feedback loop

A

baroreceptors

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21
Q

What is the detector of short term BP regulation

A

baroreceptors

22
Q

What is the integrator of short term BP regulation

A

cardiovascular centre in medulla oblongata

23
Q

What are the effectors for short term regulation fo arterial BP

A

cardiac muscle, vascular smooth muscle

24
Q

What does the vasomotor centre stimulate

A

sympathetic system

25
Q

What does activity of the vasomotor centre cause

A

noradrenaline release, vasoconstriction

26
Q

What is the function of the acceleratory centre

A

increase cardiac output, increase cardiac contractility

27
Q

What system does the acceleratory centre use

A

sympathetic

28
Q

What is the function of the cardioinhibitory centre when activated

A

decreases cardiac output

29
Q

What system controls the cardioinhibitory centre

A

parasympathetic

30
Q

How is blood pressure regulated

A

altering cardiac output and total peripheral resistance

31
Q

What does long term decrease in BP cause

A

release of renin

32
Q

What is the function of renin

A

converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

33
Q

What converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

A

ACE - angiotensinogen converting enzyme

34
Q

Where is ACE found

A

lungs and capillaries

35
Q

What is the function of angiotensin II

A

increases thirst, increases blood volume

36
Q

What brain region does angiotensin II act on

A

hypothalamus

37
Q

What does angiotensin II act on directly

A

blood vessels

38
Q

What is the effect of angiotensin II on blood vessels

A

vasoconstriction

39
Q

What other structure does angiotensin II act on

A

adrenal cortex

40
Q

What does angiotensin II cause to be released from the adrenal cortex

A

aldosterone

41
Q

What is the effect of aldosterone on the kidney

A

cells increase salt and water retention

42
Q

What is long term BP regulation an example of

A

negative feedback loop

43
Q

Which drug is an ACE inhibitor

A

Ramipril

44
Q

Which drug is an angiotensin receptor blocker

A

losartan

45
Q

Which drugs treat high BP

A

ramipril, losartan, thiazide diuretics, metoprolol, doxazosin, nifedipine

46
Q

What is the function of thiazide diuretics

A

reduce blood volume

47
Q

What drug decreases cardiac output

A

metoprolol

48
Q

What is metoprolol

A

sympathetic beta1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

49
Q

Which drug decreases total peripheral resistance via vasodilation

A

doxazosin, nifedipine

50
Q

What is doxazosin

A

sympathetic alpha1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

51
Q

What is nifedipine

A

calcium channel antagonist

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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