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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Body Fluid Homeostasis > Flashcards

Body Fluid Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Name some hormones involved with body fluid homeostasis

A

vasopressin, aldosterone, renin angiotensin

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2
Q

What is vasopressin

A

anti-diuretic hormone

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3
Q

What releases vasopressin

A

posterior pituitary gland

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4
Q

What releases vasopressin into the capillaries

A

neuro-secretory neurons in the hypothalamus

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5
Q

What is the function of vasopressin

A

regulate body fluid osmolality, conserve water

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6
Q

Describe the relationship between body fluid osmolality and vasopressin

A

if body fluid osmolality increases - vasopressin release increases

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7
Q

Where are hypothalamic osmoreceptors located

A

supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

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8
Q

What stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors

A

increase in osmolality

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9
Q

What does activation of the hypothalamic osmoreceptors cause

A

generation of AP in neuro-secretory neurons - vasopressin release

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10
Q

What causes increased release of vasopressin

A

increased osmolality plasma, solute ingestion, water deficiency, MDMA

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11
Q

What causes decreased release of vasopressin

A

decreased osmolality plasma, excessive fluid ingestion, alcohol

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12
Q

What channels does vasopressin act on

A

AQP2

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13
Q

What is the effect of vasopressin

A

fall in body fluid osmolality, increased reabsorption of water

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14
Q

What is the main symptom of diabetes insipidus

A

large amounts of dilute urine produced

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15
Q

What is the cause of central diabetes insipidus

A

dont release vasopressin

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16
Q

Where is the defect in central diabetes insipidus

A

neuro-secretory neurons - dont function properly

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17
Q

How is central diabetes insipidus treated

A

nasal spray containing vasopressin

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18
Q

What is the cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

no response to vasopressin

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19
Q

Where is the defect in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

defect in V2 receptor or mutations in gene for AQP2

20
Q

What releases aldosterone

A

outer layer zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland

21
Q

What is aldosterone

A

mineralocorticoid

22
Q

What is the function of aldosterone

A

regulates mineral content of the body

23
Q

What is aldosterone released in response to

A

rise in plasma potassium, decrease in ECF volume

24
Q

What does aldosterone act on

A

distal tubule, collecting duct - principal and alpha cells

25
Q

What is the effect of aldosterone

A

increases reabsorption of sodium and water, increased secretion of potassium and hydrogen

26
Q

TRUE or FALSE - Aldosterone is membrane permeable as its a steroid

A

TRUE

27
Q

What does aldosterone bind to

A

cytosolic receptor

28
Q

What does aldosterone stimulate

A

synthesis of ENaC

29
Q

What is the difference in the way vasopressin and aldosterone work

A

vasopressin - non genomic, aldosterone - genomic

30
Q

What does aldosterone increase

A

H+ and K+ secretion

31
Q

Which hormone has the slower response - vasopressin or aldosterone

A

aldosterone

32
Q

What is the NET effect of aldosterone

A

decrease plasma K+ and H+, increase ECF volume

33
Q

Why do Liddle’s patients exhibit hypertension

A

high rate of Na+ reabsorption across principal cells

34
Q

What is suppressed in Liddle’s syndrome

A

aldosterone release

35
Q

What are the characteristics of pseudohypoaldosteronism

A

lost ability to respond to aldosterone

36
Q

What does the renin-angiotensin system regulate

A

body fluid volume, plasma Na+, plasma K+

37
Q

Where is renin released from

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

38
Q

What do macula densa cells monitor

A

changes in tubular fluid

39
Q

What do macula densa cells send signalling molecules to

A

afferent arteriole

40
Q

What stimulates the release of renin

A

sympathetic nervous system

41
Q

What is the source of renin

A

kidney

42
Q

What does angiotensin II cause

A

release of aldosterone, vasoconstriction, increased BP, increased plasma sodium

43
Q

What do ACE inhibitors cause

A

vasodilation, reduction of aldosterone

44
Q

What is the NET effect of vasopressin increase

A

increased water reabsorption and ECFV, decreased osmolality,

45
Q

What is the NET effect of a decrease in aldosterone

A

increased water and sodium loss, decreased ECFV

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (22 decks)

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