The Nipple

Question 1

what is duct ectasia?

Answer 1

benign thickening of the walls of the ducts in the breast

Question 2

cause associated with duct ectasia?

Answer 2

smoking

Question 3

presentation of duct ectasia

Answer 3

pain
bloody/ purulent discharge
nipple retraction
inflammation
fistulation

Question 4

diagnosis of duct ectasia

Answer 4

mammography

ultrasonography

Question 5

what can duct ectasia lead to?

Answer 5

mastitis/abscess

Question 6

management of mastitis/abscess

Answer 6

antibiotics

percutaneous incision and drainage

Question 7

management of duct ectasia

Answer 7

treat infections
exclude malignancy
stop smoking
excise ducts

Question 8

what is puerperal mastitis?

Answer 8

breast infection in post-natal period often due to breastfeeding

Question 9

management of puerperal mastitis

Answer 9

feed with other breast

infected breast is pumped/ treated

Question 10

what is Paget’s disease of the nipple?

Answer 10

variant of ductal carcinoma that causes eczema around the nipple

Question 11

presentation of Paget’s disease

Answer 11

dry
scaly
eczematous lesion
discharge

Question 12

diagnosis of Paget’s

Answer 12

tissue biopsy, either incisional or punch

Question 13

management of Paget’s

Answer 13

mastectomy

WLE and reconstruction