Radiology Flashcards
indications for radiology
pelvic pain pelvic mass AMB PMB infertility interventional (fallopian tube recanalisation, uterine artery embolisation)
two main USS techniques
- transabdominal
2. transvaginal
features of transabdominal USS
abdominal US transducer
full bladder for acoustic window
displaces gas-filled loops
advantages of transabdominal USS
safe
readily available
no ionising radiation
disadvantages of transabdominal USS
obese
operator dependent
difficult to reproduce same image
features of transvaginal USS
endo-cavity transducer
empty bladder
tip of the iceburg
invasive
when is CT used?
2nd line for acute abdominal pain
post-surgical complications
staging malignancies
assessing response
advantages of CT
quick
entire chest, abdo and pelvic
multislice
disadvantages of CT
high radiation (ovaries) not optimal depiction
what does MRI use?
radiofrequency energy rather than ionising radiation in CT
when is MRI used?
cancer staging in cervical
further evaluation
sub-fertility
MRI of pituitary (prolactinoma)
advantages of MRI
excellent depiction
no radiation
soft tissue masses
disadvantages of MRI
time consuming
poor for lung
claustrophobic
contraindicated in pacemakers, artificial metallic heart valves, nerve stimulators, cochlear implants
technique in endometriosis
diagnostic laparoscopy
what is HSG
hysterosalpinography is an XR screening procedure for tubal patency using radiopaque dye
what is a mammography?
lower strength XR used as a screening modality
adverse of mammography
ionising radiation
uncomfortable
when is breast USS used?
women <40
image-guided biopsy
during pregnancy
advanced USS techniques
strain elastography
shear wave elastography
contrast-enhanced USS
3D USS
adverse of USS
low specificity
not sensitive to DCIS
what is strain elastography?
colour map of stiffness superimposed on grey scale image
invasive cancers are stiffer
poor reproducibility as operator dependent
what is shear wave elastography?
hold probe to area of interest
when is contrast-enhanced USS used?
assessing response to neoadjuvant chemo
axillary node characterisation
improving BIRADS
adverse of MRI in breast use
increases mastectomy rates
expensive
picks up multiple tumour foci that would’ve likely diminished with radio or hormonal therapy
causes of unilateral nipple discharge
invasive cancer DCIS duct ectasia papilloma Paget's
management of mastitis and abscesses
US guided drainage and antibiotics
