Ovarian Cancer Flashcards
classification of ovarian cancer
- sex cord-stroma
- germ cell
- epithelial
most common type of ovarian cancer
epithelial
what is a dermoid cyst?
benign teratoma
examples of epithelial ovarian cancers
serous mucinous endometrioid clear cell transitional cell
examples of germ cell ovarian cancers
dysgerminoma yolk sac embryonal carcinoma choriocarcinoma teratoma
examples of sex cord stroma ovarian cancers
granulosa cell thecoma fibroma sertoli cell sertoli-leydig steroid
presentation of ovarian cancer
often asymptomatic- late presentation mass pressure symptoms abnormal bleeding pain bloating early satiety
tumours markers in ovarian cancer
Ca125 CEA AFP HCG LDH
when can Ca125 be raised?
ovulation
pregnancy
benign conditions
ovarian cancer
when can CEA be raised?
mucinous tumours e.g. colon, breast, ovary, etc.
when can AFP be raised?
embryonal carcinoma
when can HCG be raised?
choriocarcinoma
when can LDH be raised?
dysgerminoma
B features on USS
fluid-filled
unilocular
no blood flow
M features on USS
irregular solid areas
associated ascites
papillary projections
increased blood flow
diagnosis of ovarian cancer
tumour markers USS MRI if premenopausal CT if post-menopausal RMI
how to calculate RMI?
Ca125 x USS score x menopause status score
what RMI indicates high risk of ovarian cancer?
> 200
<30 is low chance
what is Meig’s syndrome?
benign ovarian tumour (fibroma) with ascites and pleural effusion
where do metastases of ovarian cancer go to?
breast pancreas stomach GI tract (Kruckenberg tumour= signet ring sign) often has peritoneal spread
where is lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?
para-aortic (embryological development- posterior abdominal wall)
peritoneal spread in ovarian cancer
ascites omental peritoneal nodules sub-diaphragmatic liver deposits malignant pleural effusion
